Display options
Cite
Shaikh SI, Nagarekha D, Hegade G, et al. Postoperative nausea and vomiting: A simple yet complex problem. Anesth Essays Res. 2016;10(3):388-396doi: 10.4103/0259-1162.179310.
Shaikh, S. I., Nagarekha, D., Hegade, G., & Marutheesh, M. (2016). Postoperative nausea and vomiting: A simple yet complex problem. Anesthesia, essays and researches, 10(3), 388-396. https://doi.org/10.4103/0259-1162.179310
Shaikh, Safiya Imtiaz, et al. "Postoperative nausea and vomiting: A simple yet complex problem." Anesthesia, essays and researches vol. 10,3 (2016): 388-396. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0259-1162.179310
Shaikh SI, Nagarekha D, Hegade G, Marutheesh M. Postoperative nausea and vomiting: A simple yet complex problem. Anesth Essays Res. 2016 Sep-Dec;10(3):388-396. doi: 10.4103/0259-1162.179310. PMID: 27746521; PMCID: PMC5062207.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Anesth Essays Res. 2016 Sep-Dec;10(3):388-396. doi: 10.4103/0259-1162.179310.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting: A simple yet complex problem.

Anesthesia, essays and researches

Safiya Imtiaz Shaikh, D Nagarekha, Ganapati Hegade, M Marutheesh

Affiliations

  1. Department of Anaesthesiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India.

PMID: 27746521 PMCID: PMC5062207 DOI: 10.4103/0259-1162.179310

Abstract

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the complex and significant problems in anesthesia practice, with growing trend toward ambulatory and day care surgeries. This review focuses on pathophysiology, pharmacological prophylaxis, and rescue therapy for PONV. We searched the Medline and PubMed database for articles published in English from 1991 to 2014 while writing this review using "postoperative nausea and vomiting, PONV, nausea-vomiting, PONV prophylaxis, and rescue" as keywords. PONV is influenced by multiple factors which are related to the patient, surgery, and pre-, intra-, and post-operative anesthesia factors. The risk of PONV can be assessed using a scoring system such as Apfel simplified scoring system which is based on four independent risk predictors. PONV prophylaxis is administered to patients with medium and high risks based on this scoring system. Newer drugs such as neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (aprepitant) are used along with serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine subtype 3) receptor antagonist, corticosteroids, anticholinergics, antihistaminics, and butyrophenones for PONV prophylaxis. Combination of drugs from different classes with different mechanism of action are administered for optimized efficacy in adults with moderate risk for PONV. Multimodal approach with combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological prophylaxis along with interventions that reduce baseline risk is employed in patients with high PONV risk.

Keywords: Nausea-vomiting; and rescue; postoperative nausea and vomiting; postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis

References

  1. Anesth Analg. 2013 May;116(5):966-8 - PubMed
  2. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Dec;107 Suppl 1:i27-40 - PubMed
  3. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 2008;59(1):1-5 - PubMed
  4. Anesthesiology. 1965 Jan-Feb;26:61-6 - PubMed
  5. Med Princ Pract. 2010;19(1):57-60 - PubMed
  6. Br J Anaesth. 1987 Mar;59(3):364-8 - PubMed
  7. Anesth Analg. 2007 Oct;105(4):1137-42, table of contents - PubMed
  8. Anesth Analg. 2005 Nov;101(5):1492-6 - PubMed
  9. Br J Anaesth. 1963 Mar;35:189-93 - PubMed
  10. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2010 Dec;27(12):1044-51 - PubMed
  11. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2011;2011:748031 - PubMed
  12. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1988 Mar;70(2):69-73 - PubMed
  13. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1971 Jul;18(4):434-41 - PubMed
  14. Anesth Analg. 2008 Aug;107(2):439-44 - PubMed
  15. Anaesthesia. 1997 May;52(5):443-9 - PubMed
  16. Anesth Analg. 2007 May;104(5):1082-9, tables of contents - PubMed
  17. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2009 Apr;26(4):318-21 - PubMed
  18. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001 Jan;45(1):4-13 - PubMed
  19. Anesth Analg. 2008 Aug;107(2):445-51 - PubMed
  20. Anesth Analg. 2006 Nov;103(5):1155-62 - PubMed
  21. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1982 Sep;29(5):428-34 - PubMed
  22. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2010 Jul;38(4):661-6 - PubMed
  23. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2010 Dec;35(6):679-84 - PubMed
  24. JAMA. 1989 Dec 1;262(21):3008-10 - PubMed
  25. Anaesthesia. 1992 May;47(5):399-401 - PubMed
  26. Anesthesiology. 2011 Apr;114(4):882-90 - PubMed
  27. Anesthesiology. 1959 Sep-Oct;20:587-92 - PubMed
  28. J Hosp Med. 2010 Apr;5(4):E8-16 - PubMed
  29. Anesthesiology. 1997 Oct;87(4):779-84 - PubMed
  30. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Aug 1;33(17):E602-6 - PubMed
  31. Anesthesiology. 2012 Sep;117(3):475-86 - PubMed
  32. Anesth Analg. 2000 Jan;90(1):186-94 - PubMed
  33. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2010 Dec;23(6):714-21 - PubMed
  34. Br J Anaesth. 2007 Aug;99(2):202-11 - PubMed
  35. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2012 Jun;29(6):286-94 - PubMed
  36. J Postgrad Med. 2006 Apr-Jun;52(2):97-100 - PubMed
  37. Anesthesiology. 1955 Jul;16(4):564-72 - PubMed
  38. Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Oct;78(4):673-7 - PubMed
  39. Anesth Analg. 2005 Nov;101(5):1343-8 - PubMed
  40. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2004 Dec;18(4):693-701 - PubMed
  41. Br J Anaesth. 1996 Feb;76(2):186-93 - PubMed
  42. Anesthesiology. 2000 Apr;92(4):958-67 - PubMed
  43. Br J Anaesth. 2006 Aug;97(2):164-70 - PubMed
  44. Anesthesiology. 1999 Sep;91(3):693-700 - PubMed
  45. Anesthesiology. 2012 Jun;116(6):1312-22 - PubMed
  46. Anesth Analg. 2004 Jul;99(1):77-81 - PubMed
  47. Br J Anaesth. 1997 Mar;78(3):256-9 - PubMed
  48. Anesth Analg. 1973 Nov-Dec;52(6):881-7 - PubMed
  49. BMC Anesthesiol. 2001;1(1):2 - PubMed
  50. Anesth Analg. 2011 Apr;112(4):819-23 - PubMed
  51. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jun 10;350(24):2441-51 - PubMed
  52. Saudi J Anaesth. 2011 Jan;5(1):19-24 - PubMed
  53. Br J Anaesth. 2002 May;88(5):659-68 - PubMed
  54. J Int Med Res. 2011;39(2):399-407 - PubMed
  55. Anaesthesia. 2009 Jun;64(6):595-600 - PubMed
  56. Anaesthesia. 2007 Jan;62(1):18-22 - PubMed
  57. Anesth Analg. 2014 Jan;118(1):85-113 - PubMed
  58. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011 Mar;28(3):195-201 - PubMed
  59. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2011;71(1):59-65 - PubMed
  60. Br J Anaesth. 1972 Nov;44(11):1208-11 - PubMed
  61. JAMA. 1961 Feb 25;175:666-71 - PubMed
  62. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1984 Mar;31(2):178-87 - PubMed
  63. Anesthesiology. 2007 Dec;107(6):903-8 - PubMed
  64. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2014 Sep;67(3):164-70 - PubMed
  65. Middle East J Anaesthesiol. 2009 Feb;20(1):75-81 - PubMed
  66. Anesthesiology. 1958 Jul-Aug;19(4):532-40 - PubMed
  67. Anesth Essays Res. 2011 Jul-Dec;5(2):182-6 - PubMed
  68. Anesthesiology. 1992 Jul;77(1):162-84 - PubMed
  69. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001 Feb;45(2):160-6 - PubMed
  70. Anesthesiology. 1999 Jul;91(1):109-18 - PubMed
  71. Can J Anaesth. 1998 Jul;45(7):612-9 - PubMed

Publication Types