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PPAR Res. 2016;2016:3038164. doi: 10.1155/2016/3038164. Epub 2016 Oct 05.

PPAR Gamma in Neuroblastoma: The Translational Perspectives of Hypoglycemic Drugs.

PPAR research

Serena Vella, Pier Giulio Conaldi, Tullio Florio, Aldo Pagano

Affiliations

  1. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Palermo, Italy.
  2. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Palermo, Italy; Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy.
  3. Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
  4. Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy; IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy.

PMID: 27799938 PMCID: PMC5069360 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3038164

Abstract

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common and aggressive pediatric cancer, characterized by a remarkable phenotypic diversity and high malignancy. The heterogeneous clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to fatal metastatic disease, is attributable to NB biology and genetics. Despite major advances in therapies, NB is still associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Thus, novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches are required, mainly to improve treatment outcomes of high-risk NB patients. Among neuroepithelial cancers, NB is the most studied tumor as far as PPAR ligands are concerned. PPAR ligands are endowed with antitumoral effects, mainly acting on cancer stem cells, and constitute a possible add-on therapy to antiblastic drugs, in particular for NB with unfavourable prognosis. While discussing clinical background, this review will provide a synopsis of the major studies about PPAR expression in NB, focusing on the potential beneficial effects of hypoglycemic drugs, thiazolidinediones and metformin, to reduce the occurrence of relapses as well as tumor regrowth in NB patients.

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