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Vieira AI, Ramos AV, Cavalheiro LM, et al. Reliability and Validity of the European Portuguese Version of the Social Touch Questionnaire. J Nonverbal Behav. 2016;40(4):363-377doi: 10.1007/s10919-016-0239-7.
Vieira, A. I., Ramos, A. V., Cavalheiro, L. M., Almeida, P., Nogueira, D., Reis, E., Nunes, M. V., & Castro-Caldas, A. (2016). Reliability and Validity of the European Portuguese Version of the Social Touch Questionnaire. Journal of nonverbal behavior, 40(4), 363-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-016-0239-7
Vieira, Ana Isabel, et al. "Reliability and Validity of the European Portuguese Version of the Social Touch Questionnaire." Journal of nonverbal behavior vol. 40,4 (2016): 363-377. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-016-0239-7
Vieira AI, Ramos AV, Cavalheiro LM, Almeida P, Nogueira D, Reis E, Nunes MV, Castro-Caldas A. Reliability and Validity of the European Portuguese Version of the Social Touch Questionnaire. J Nonverbal Behav. 2016;40(4):363-377. doi: 10.1007/s10919-016-0239-7. Epub 2016 Jul 15. PMID: 27818562; PMCID: PMC5075018.
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J Nonverbal Behav. 2016;40(4):363-377. doi: 10.1007/s10919-016-0239-7. Epub 2016 Jul 15.

Reliability and Validity of the European Portuguese Version of the Social Touch Questionnaire.

Journal of nonverbal behavior

Ana Isabel Vieira, Ana Vanessa Ramos, Luís Manuel Cavalheiro, Patrícia Almeida, Dália Nogueira, Elisabeth Reis, Maria Vânia Nunes, Alexandre Castro-Caldas

Affiliations

  1. Alcoitão School of Health Sciences, Rua Conde Barão, Alcoitão, 2649-506 Alcabideche, Portugal ; Institute of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Portugal, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal.
  2. Alcoitão School of Health Sciences, Rua Conde Barão, Alcoitão, 2649-506 Alcabideche, Portugal.
  3. CEISUC - Centre of Study and Research in Health, University of Coimbra, Avenida Dias da Silva, 165, 3004-512 Coimbra, Portugal.
  4. Alcoitão School of Health Sciences, Rua Conde Barão, Alcoitão, 2649-506 Alcabideche, Portugal ; Business Research Unit, ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, Avª das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal.
  5. Business Research Unit, ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, Avª das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal.
  6. Institute of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Portugal, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal.

PMID: 27818562 PMCID: PMC5075018 DOI: 10.1007/s10919-016-0239-7

Abstract

Social touch is essential for physical and emotional well-being. However, different meanings can be attributed to physical contact during social interactions and may generate bonding or avoidant behaviors. This personal and unique experience is not usually taken into account in health and social care services. The aim of this study is to produce a valid and reliable European Portuguese version of the Social Touch Questionnaire (STQ, Wilhelm et al. in Biol Psychol 58:181-202, 2001. doi:10.1016/S0301-0511(01)00113-2). The STQ is a self-report questionnaire for adolescents and adults measuring behaviors and attitudes towards social touch. The original version was translated into European Portuguese using a forward-back translation process and its feasibility was examined. To evaluate the psychometric properties, a total of 242 Portuguese university students participated in the study (21.3 ± 3.8 years). The STQ was considered feasible, showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .734), and the test-retest correlation with the STQ items demonstrated a high concordance between the tests over a two-week interval (ICC = .990;

Keywords: Cultural adaptation; Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; Reliability; Social Touch Questionnaire; Social anxiety; Social touch; Validity

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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