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Benos L, Stanev D, Spyrou L, et al. A Review on Finite Element Modeling and Simulation of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020;8:967doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00967.
Benos, L., Stanev, D., Spyrou, L., Moustakas, K., & Tsaopoulos, D. E. (2020). A Review on Finite Element Modeling and Simulation of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 8967. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00967
Benos, Lefteris, et al. "A Review on Finite Element Modeling and Simulation of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction." Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology vol. 8 (2020): 967. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00967
Benos L, Stanev D, Spyrou L, Moustakas K, Tsaopoulos DE. A Review on Finite Element Modeling and Simulation of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Aug 20;8:967. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00967. eCollection 2020. PMID: 32974307; PMCID: PMC7468435.
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Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Aug 20;8:967. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00967. eCollection 2020.

A Review on Finite Element Modeling and Simulation of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology

Lefteris Benos, Dimitar Stanev, Leonidas Spyrou, Konstantinos Moustakas, Dimitrios E Tsaopoulos

Affiliations

  1. Institute for Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology, Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece.
  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
  3. School of Engineering, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

PMID: 32974307 PMCID: PMC7468435 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00967

Abstract

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) constitutes one of the most important stabilizing tissues of the knee joint whose rapture is very prevalent. ACL reconstruction (ACLR) from a graft is a surgery which yields the best outcome. Taking into account the complicated nature of this operation and the high cost of experiments, finite element (FE) simulations can become a valuable tool for evaluating the surgery in a pre-clinical setting. The present study summarizes, for the first time, the current advancement in ACLR in both clinical and computational level. It also emphasizes on the material modeling and properties of the most popular grafts as well as modeling of different surgery techniques. It can be concluded that more effort is needed to be put toward more realistic simulation of the surgery, including also the use of two bundles for graft representation, graft pretension and artificial grafts. Furthermore, muscles and synovial fluid need to be included, while patellofemoral joint is an important bone that is rarely used. More realistic models are also required for soft tissues, as most articles used isotropic linear elastic models and springs. In summary, accurate and realistic FE analysis in conjunction with multidisciplinary collaboration could contribute to ACLR improvement provided that several important aspects are carefully considered.

Copyright © 2020 Benos, Stanev, Spyrou, Moustakas and Tsaopoulos.

Keywords: ACL reconstruction; finite element analysis; graft fixation; graft modeling; graft pretension; graft type

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