Display options
Cite
Oreskes, N., Shrader-Frechette, K., & Belitz, K. (1994). Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences. Science, 263(5147), 641-646.
Oreskes, Naomi, Kristin Shrader-Frechette, and Kenneth Belitz. "Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences." Science 263.5147 (1994): 641-646.
Copy Download .nbib Format: MLA
Share it on
Full text links
View full text

N Oreskes, K Shrader-Frechette, K Belitz - Science, 1994 - science.org

Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences.

Cultural Transformation in the Geoscience Community AND Program Evaluation

Belitz, Oreskes

GSID: lQwQiDZwXdIJ

Excerpt

Verification and validation of numerical models of natural systems is impossible. This is because natural systems are never closed and because model results are always nonunique. Models can be confirmed by the demonstration of agreement between observation and prediction, but confirmation is inherently partial. Complete confirmation is logically precluded by the fallacy of affirming the consequent and by incomplete access to natural phenomena. Models can only be evaluated in relative terms, and their predictive …

Similar articles

Cited by