P Black, D Wiliam - Curriculum Journal, 2005 - Taylor & Francis

Lessons from around the world: How policies, politics and cultures constrain and afford assessment practices.

Cultural Transformation in the Geoscience Community AND Program Evaluation

Black, Wiliam

GSID: _UueS4F4k6IJ

Excerpt

This article outlines the main assessment traditions in four countries–England, France, Germany and the United States–in order to explore the prospects for the integration of summative and formative functions of assessment during compulsory schooling. In England, teachers' judgments do feed into national assessments, at 7, 11, 14 and 16, but concerns for reliability and accountability mean that such judgments are made in a way that has little impact on learning. In France, teachers have no involvement in the formal assessment of …

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