Display options
Cite
Cheung AM, Chaudhry R, Kapral M, et al. Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Health. BMC Womens Health. 2004;4:S23doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-4-S1-S23.
Cheung, A. M., Chaudhry, R., Kapral, M., Jackevicius, C., & Robinson, G. (2004). Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Health. BMC women's health, 4S23. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-4-S1-S23
Cheung, Angela M, et al. "Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Health." BMC women's health vol. 4 (2004): S23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-4-S1-S23
Cheung AM, Chaudhry R, Kapral M, Jackevicius C, Robinson G. Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Health. BMC Womens Health. 2004 Aug 25;4:S23. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-4-S1-S23. PMID: 15345086; PMCID: PMC2096694.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

BMC Womens Health. 2004 Aug 25;4:S23. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-4-S1-S23.

Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Health.

BMC women's health

Angela M Cheung, Ruhee Chaudhry, Moira Kapral, Cynthia Jackevicius, Gail Robinson

Affiliations

  1. University Health Network Women's Health Program, University of Toronto, 657 University Ave, Toronto, Canada. [email protected]

PMID: 15345086 PMCID: PMC2096694 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-4-S1-S23

Abstract

HEALTH ISSUE: The average age of natural menopause in Western societies is estimated to be 51 years; women in Canada can therefore expect to live, on average, a third of their lives in post-menopausal years. During these years women are at increased risk of chronic diseases such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. KEY FINDINGS: Clinical and epidemiological data on women in perimenopause are limited. There are no adequate Canadian data on symptom severity and prevalence among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Scientific evidence is lacking to support or refute claims that commonly used botanical products can offer therapeutic relief of menopausal symptoms.Recent data from the Women's Health Initiative suggest that combined estrogen plus therapy increases the risk of stroke, coronary artery disease and breast cancer. Hormone therapy is no longer recommended for the prevention of chronic diseases for asymptomatic women. Stroke is an important issue for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women and sex differences may exist in the progestin treatment of stroke. Osteoporosis affects an estimated one in six women over the age of 50. DATA GAPS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: There is a need to conduct clinical and epidemiological research aimed at better understanding the menopausal transition and defining its clinical phases. Investigations aimed at alternative combinations and doses of hormone therapy and non-pharmaceutical alternatives in light of known risks and benefits are also necessary. Health care practitioners and women need to be educated on the risks and effective treatment related to cardiovascular disease so they can present for treatment more quickly and receive the most effective therapies.

References

  1. Am Heart J. 1999 Nov;138(5 Pt 1):835-42 - PubMed
  2. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1996 Oct;21(7):575-92 - PubMed
  3. Stroke. 2000 Aug;31(8):1833-7 - PubMed
  4. Psychosom Med. 1965 May-Jun;27:266-73 - PubMed
  5. N Engl J Med. 1991 Jul 25;325(4):226-30 - PubMed
  6. Ann Epidemiol. 1994 May;4(3):214-20 - PubMed
  7. Biol Psychiatry. 1985 May;20(5):576-9 - PubMed
  8. Semin Reprod Endocrinol. 1997 Feb;15(1):91-100 - PubMed
  9. Menopause. 2000 Jan-Feb;7(1):5-13 - PubMed
  10. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(1):CD002978 - PubMed
  11. N Engl J Med. 1999 Feb 25;340(8):618-26 - PubMed
  12. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994 Apr;23(5):1023-30 - PubMed
  13. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 Jun;58(6):529-34 - PubMed
  14. Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Aug;94(2):225-8 - PubMed
  15. Menopause. 2000 May-Jun;7(3):184-92 - PubMed
  16. CMAJ. 2004 May 11;170(10 ):1535-7 - PubMed
  17. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Aug;183(2):414-20 - PubMed
  18. JAMA. 2003 May 28;289(20):2663-72 - PubMed
  19. Arch Intern Med. 2001 Jan 22;161(2):183-8 - PubMed
  20. Int J Epidemiol. 2001 Jun;30(3):423-6 - PubMed
  21. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Nov 19;137(10):834-9 - PubMed
  22. Maturitas. 1992 Jan;14(2):143-55 - PubMed
  23. Br J Prev Soc Med. 1974 May;28(2):108-15 - PubMed
  24. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(10):897-904 - PubMed
  25. Menopause. 2003 Jan-Feb;10(1):6-12 - PubMed
  26. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 1999 Mar;20(1):56-7 - PubMed
  27. JAMA. 2003 May 28;289(20):2651-62 - PubMed
  28. Can J Cardiol. 1994 Nov;10(9):891-6 - PubMed
  29. Maturitas. 1992 Jan;14(2):117-26 - PubMed
  30. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1997 Dec;28(4):251-61 - PubMed
  31. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2000 Nov;9(9):987-94 - PubMed
  32. BMJ. 1994 Sep 3;309(6954):563-6 - PubMed
  33. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jul 22;341(4):226-32 - PubMed
  34. Am J Epidemiol. 1993 May 1;137(9):1001-5 - PubMed
  35. Maturitas. 1994 Nov;20(1):1-11 - PubMed
  36. JAMA. 2002 Jul 17;288(3):321-33 - PubMed
  37. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999 May;56(5):418-24 - PubMed
  38. Am J Cardiol. 1995 Sep 15;76(8):570-3 - PubMed
  39. J Bone Miner Res. 1992 Sep;7(9):1005-10 - PubMed
  40. Circulation. 1999 May 11;99(18):2480-4 - PubMed
  41. Stroke. 1994 Aug;25(8):1628-31 - PubMed
  42. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1997 Apr;22(3):189-212 - PubMed
  43. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 1998 Sep-Oct;6(3):121-32 - PubMed
  44. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1993;23(2):157-62 - PubMed
  45. Pharmacotherapy. 1999 Nov;19(11):1296-307 - PubMed
  46. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997 Jan;29(1):139-46 - PubMed
  47. J Agric Food Chem. 2001 May;49(5):2472-9 - PubMed
  48. JAMA. 2002 Aug 21;288(7):872-81 - PubMed
  49. JAMA. 2000 Feb 2;283(5):646-52 - PubMed
  50. N Engl J Med. 2003 May 8;348(19):1839-54 - PubMed
  51. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Aug;167(2):436-9 - PubMed
  52. Lancet. 1994 Feb 5;343(8893):311-22 - PubMed
  53. Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Feb;85(2):304-13 - PubMed
  54. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Dec;44(4):853-63 - PubMed
  55. Climacteric. 1998 Dec;1(4):264-70 - PubMed
  56. Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Sep;96(3):351-8 - PubMed
  57. Can J Cardiol. 1998 May;14(5):695-702 - PubMed
  58. Can J Cardiol. 2001 Feb;17(2):179-83 - PubMed
  59. Lancet. 1988 Aug 13;2(8607):349-60 - PubMed
  60. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1997 Spring;5(2):97-106 - PubMed
  61. Am J Psychiatry. 1991 Jul;148(7):844-52 - PubMed
  62. Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Dec;78(6):991-5 - PubMed
  63. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1985 Mar-Apr;27(5):335-71 - PubMed
  64. Circulation. 1997 Oct 7;96(7):2468-82 - PubMed
  65. Maturitas. 1992 Jan;14(2):103-15 - PubMed
  66. J Gen Intern Med. 1997 Feb;12(2):79-87 - PubMed
  67. Arch Intern Med. 1997 Jul 28;157(14):1545-51 - PubMed
  68. Res Nurs Health. 1996 Apr;19(2):111-23 - PubMed
  69. Arch Intern Med. 1996 Apr 8;156(7):799-805 - PubMed
  70. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1996 Aug;184(8):453-8 - PubMed

Publication Types

Grant support