Inorg Chem. 2009 Sep 21;48(18):8911-24. doi: 10.1021/ic901138h.

Highly organized structures and unusual magnetic properties of paddlewheel copper(II) carboxylate dimers containing the pi-pi stacking, 1,8-naphthalimide synthon.

Inorganic chemistry

Daniel L Reger, Agota Debreczeni, Bryn Reinecke, Vitaly Rassolov, Mark D Smith, Radu F Semeniuc

PMID: 19697953 DOI: 10.1021/ic901138h

Abstract

The substituted carboxylate compounds N-(3-propanoic acid)-1,8-naphthalimide (HL(C2)) and N-(4-butanoic acid)-1,8-naphthalimide (HL(C3)) react with Cu(2)(O(2)CCH(3))(4)(H(2)O)(2) in the presence of either pyridine (py) or 4,4'-bipyridine (bipy) to produce the dimeric complexes [Cu(2)(L(C2))(4)(py)(2)].2(CH(2)Cl(2)).(CH(3)OH) (1), [Cu(2)(L(C3))(4)(py)(2)].2(CH(2)Cl(2)) (2), [Cu(2)(L(C2))(4)(bipy)].unknown solvent (3), and [Cu(2)(L(C3))(4)(bipy)].(CH(3)OH)(2).(CH(2)Cl(2))(3.37) (4). The core of these four compounds contains the square Cu(2)(O(2)CR)(4) "paddlewheel" secondary building unit (SBU) structural motif with nonbonding Cu...Cu distances that average 2.66 A, with each copper in a nearly square pyramidal geometry. Strong pi-pi stacking interactions of the 1,8-naphthalimide groups organize the structures of 1 and 2 into sheets and into a three-dimensional structure for 1. The propylene connector in the L(C3) ligand allows an arrangement of the 1,8-naphthalimide groups that is different from the square shape of the SBU core. Use of the 4,4'-bipyridine linking ligand produces a three-dimensional structure for 4 organized by both covalent bonds and noncovalent forces where the 1,8-naphthalimide groups organize into a sheet structure and the 4,4'-bipyridine ligands link the sheets. In contrast, in 3, the 1,8-naphthalimide groups overlap to form only one-dimensional ribbons, with the second dimension formed by the 4,4'-bipyridine ligands and the third dimension linked by mechanical interlocking of these two-dimensional units. Although many of the pi-pi stacking interactions of the 1,8-naphthalimide groups are made with the dipole vectors of this group oriented at 180 degrees (head-to-tail arrangement), skewed arrangements are observed in many cases. Ab initio calculations show that the interaction is relatively insensitive to this angle of rotation, apart from the region of steric repulsion when the rotation angle of the dipoles approaches 0 degrees. Structural results also demonstrate that the rings can slip with respect to each other and maintain substantial interactions. Magnetic measurements show that the compounds are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled with J values ranging from -270 to -341 cm⁻¹, values typical for these types of dimers. [corrected]

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