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Nie ZL, Wen J, Sun H, et al. Monophyly of Kelloggia Torrey ex Benth. (Rubiaceae) and evolution of its intercontinental disjunction between western North America and eastern Asia. Am J Bot. 2005;92(4):642-52doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.4.642.
Nie, Z. L., Wen, J., Sun, H., & Bartholomew, B. (2005). Monophyly of Kelloggia Torrey ex Benth. (Rubiaceae) and evolution of its intercontinental disjunction between western North America and eastern Asia. American journal of botany, 92(4), 642-52. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.92.4.642
Nie, Ze-Long, et al. "Monophyly of Kelloggia Torrey ex Benth. (Rubiaceae) and evolution of its intercontinental disjunction between western North America and eastern Asia." American journal of botany vol. 92,4 (2005): 642-52. doi: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.92.4.642
Nie ZL, Wen J, Sun H, Bartholomew B. Monophyly of Kelloggia Torrey ex Benth. (Rubiaceae) and evolution of its intercontinental disjunction between western North America and eastern Asia. Am J Bot. 2005 Apr;92(4):642-52. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.4.642. PMID: 21652442.
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Am J Bot. 2005 Apr;92(4):642-52. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.4.642.

Monophyly of Kelloggia Torrey ex Benth. (Rubiaceae) and evolution of its intercontinental disjunction between western North America and eastern Asia.

American journal of botany

Ze-Long Nie, Jun Wen, Hang Sun, Bruce Bartholomew

Affiliations

  1. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, People's Republic of China;

PMID: 21652442 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.92.4.642

Abstract

Kelloggia Torrey ex Bentham (Rubiaceae) consists of two species disjunctly distributed in western North America (K. galioides Torrey) and the western part of eastern Asia (K. chinensis Franch.). The two species exhibit a high level of morphological divergence. To test its monophyly and to infer its biogeographic history, we estimated the phylogeny of Kelloggia and its relatives from sequences of three chloroplast DNA regions (rbcL gene, atpB-rbcL spacer, and rps16 intron). The monophyly of Kelloggia was strongly supported, and it forms a sister relationship with the tribe Rubieae. The divergence time between the two disjunct species of Kelloggia was estimated to be 5.42 ± 2.32 million years ago (mya) using the penalized likelihood method based on rbcL sequence data with fossil calibration. Our result does not support the Madrean-Tethyan hypothesis, which assumes an earlier divergence time of 20-25 mya. Ancestral area analysis, as well as dispersal-vicariance (DIVA) analysis, suggests the Asian origin of Kelloggia and the importance of Eurasia in the diversification of its close relatives in the Rubieae-Theligoneae-Paederieae group. The intercontinental disjunction in Kelloggia is suggested to have evolved via long-distance dispersal from Asia into western North America.

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