Display options
Cite
Taylor KE, Vallejo-Giraldo C, Schaible NS, et al. Reporting of sex as a variable in cardiovascular studies using cultured cells. Biol Sex Differ. 2011;2:11doi: 10.1186/2042-6410-2-11.
Taylor, K. E., Vallejo-Giraldo, C., Schaible, N. S., Zakeri, R., & Miller, V. M. (2011). Reporting of sex as a variable in cardiovascular studies using cultured cells. Biology of sex differences, 211. https://doi.org/10.1186/2042-6410-2-11
Taylor, K Efua, et al. "Reporting of sex as a variable in cardiovascular studies using cultured cells." Biology of sex differences vol. 2 (2011): 11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/2042-6410-2-11
Taylor KE, Vallejo-Giraldo C, Schaible NS, Zakeri R, Miller VM. Reporting of sex as a variable in cardiovascular studies using cultured cells. Biol Sex Differ. 2011 Nov 07;2:11. doi: 10.1186/2042-6410-2-11. PMID: 22060014; PMCID: PMC3224776.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Biol Sex Differ. 2011 Nov 07;2:11. doi: 10.1186/2042-6410-2-11.

Reporting of sex as a variable in cardiovascular studies using cultured cells.

Biology of sex differences

K Efua Taylor, Catalina Vallejo-Giraldo, Niccole S Schaible, Rosita Zakeri, Virginia M Miller

Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
  2. Department of General Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
  3. Departments of Surgery, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.

PMID: 22060014 PMCID: PMC3224776 DOI: 10.1186/2042-6410-2-11

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Chromosomal complement, including that provided by the sex chromosomes, influences expression of proteins and molecular signaling in every cell. However, less than 50% of the scientific studies published in 2009 using experimental animals reported sex as a biological variable. Because every cell has a sex, we conducted a literature review to determine the extent to which sex is reported as a variable in cardiovascular studies on cultured cells.

METHODS: Articles from 10 cardiovascular journals with high impact factors (Circulation, J Am Coll Cardiol, Eur Heart J, Circ Res, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, Cardiovasc Res, J Mol Cell Cardiol, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, J Heart Lung Transplant and J Cardiovasc Pharmacol) and published in 2010 were searched using terms 'cultured' and 'cells' in any order to determine if the sex of those cells was reported. Studies using established cell lines were excluded.

RESULTS: Using two separate search strategies, we found that only 25 of 90 articles (28%) and 20 of 101 articles (19.8%) reported the sex of cells. Of those reporting the sex of cells, most (68.9%; n = 31) used only male cells and none used exclusively female cells. In studies reporting the sex of cells of cardiovascular origin, 40% used vascular smooth-muscle cells, and 30% used stem/progenitor cells. In studies using cells of human origin, 35% did not report the sex of those cells. None of the studies using neonatal cardiac myocytes reported the sex of those cells.

CONCLUSIONS: The complement of sex chromosomes in cells studied in culture has the potential to affect expression of proteins and 'mechanistic' signaling pathways. Therefore, consistent with scientific excellence, editorial policies should require reporting sex of cells used in in vitro experiments.

References

  1. Nat Rev Genet. 2001 Jan;2(1):59-67 - PubMed
  2. Neuroscience. 2009 Sep 29;163(1):329-38 - PubMed
  3. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Oct;1800(10):1121-6 - PubMed
  4. Genome Res. 2006 Aug;16(8):995-1004 - PubMed
  5. Circulation. 2010 Feb 23;121(7):948-54 - PubMed
  6. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011 Mar;20(3):315-20 - PubMed
  7. Neurology. 2010 Mar 23;74(12):975-81 - PubMed
  8. Biochemistry. 1985 Jul 30;24(16):4409-17 - PubMed
  9. Hypertension. 2001 Feb;37(2 Pt 2):391-7 - PubMed
  10. Lupus. 1999;8(5):365-9 - PubMed
  11. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011 Jun;20(6):829-36 - PubMed
  12. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011 Jan;35(3):565-72 - PubMed
  13. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Jun;298(6):R1597-606 - PubMed
  14. Nat Rev Genet. 2008 Dec;9(12):911-22 - PubMed
  15. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005 Jan;62(1):56-63 - PubMed
  16. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010 Feb;19(2):313-21 - PubMed
  17. Circulation. 2011 Mar 22;123(11):1243-62 - PubMed
  18. J Mol Med (Berl). 2008 Jan;86(1):61-74 - PubMed
  19. Am J Physiol. 1997 Oct;273(4):H1962-7 - PubMed
  20. Lupus. 1999;8(5):397-401 - PubMed
  21. Womens Health Issues. 2010 Sep;20(5):304-7 - PubMed
  22. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 Sep;295(3):F837-42 - PubMed
  23. Endocrinology. 2010 Apr;151(4):1837-45 - PubMed
  24. Cardiovasc Ther. 2008 Fall;26(3):224-32 - PubMed
  25. Hypertension. 2009 Feb;53(2):430-5 - PubMed
  26. Gend Med. 2007;4 Suppl B:S75-95 - PubMed
  27. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Oct 10;375(1):156-61 - PubMed
  28. Acta Physiol Hung. 1990;75(2):111-6 - PubMed

Publication Types