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Xu S, Wang L, Cooper E, et al. Adverse events of acupuncture: a systematic review of case reports. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:581203doi: 10.1155/2013/581203.
Xu, S., Wang, L., Cooper, E., Zhang, M., Manheimer, E., Berman, B., Shen, X., & Lao, L. (2013). Adverse events of acupuncture: a systematic review of case reports. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2013581203. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/581203
Xu, Shifen, et al. "Adverse events of acupuncture: a systematic review of case reports." Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM vol. 2013 (2013): 581203. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/581203
Xu S, Wang L, Cooper E, Zhang M, Manheimer E, Berman B, Shen X, Lao L. Adverse events of acupuncture: a systematic review of case reports. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:581203. doi: 10.1155/2013/581203. Epub 2013 Mar 20. PMID: 23573135; PMCID: PMC3616356.
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Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:581203. doi: 10.1155/2013/581203. Epub 2013 Mar 20.

Adverse events of acupuncture: a systematic review of case reports.

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

Shifen Xu, Lizhen Wang, Emily Cooper, Ming Zhang, Eric Manheimer, Brian Berman, Xueyong Shen, Lixing Lao

Affiliations

  1. Acupuncture Department, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China ; Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, East Hall, 520 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

PMID: 23573135 PMCID: PMC3616356 DOI: 10.1155/2013/581203

Abstract

Acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping, important in traditional Eastern medicine, are increasingly used in the West. Their widening acceptance demands continual safety assessment. This review, a sequel to one our team published 10 years ago, is an evaluation of the frequency and severity of adverse events (AEs) reported for acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping between 2000 and 2011. Relevant English-language reports in six databases were identified and assessed by two reviewers. During this 12-year period, 117 reports of 308 AEs from 25 countries and regions were associated with acupuncture (294 cases), moxibustion (4 cases), or cupping (10 cases). Country of occurrence, patient's sex and age, and outcome were extracted. Infections, mycobacterial, staphylococcal, and others, were the main complication of acupuncture. In the previous review, we found the main source of infection to be hepatitis, caused by reusable needles. In this review, we found the majority of infections to be bacterial, caused by skin contact at acupoint sites; we found no cases of hepatitis. Although the route of infection had changed, infections were still the major complication of acupuncture. Clearly, guidelines such as Clean Needle Technique must be followed in order to minimize acupuncture AEs.

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