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Emami A, Safipour J. Constructing a questionnaire for assessment of awareness and acceptance of diversity in healthcare institutions. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:145doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-145.
Emami, A., & Safipour, J. (2013). Constructing a questionnaire for assessment of awareness and acceptance of diversity in healthcare institutions. BMC health services research, 13145. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-145
Emami, Azita, and Safipour, Jalal. "Constructing a questionnaire for assessment of awareness and acceptance of diversity in healthcare institutions." BMC health services research vol. 13 (2013): 145. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-145
Emami A, Safipour J. Constructing a questionnaire for assessment of awareness and acceptance of diversity in healthcare institutions. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013 Apr 22;13:145. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-145. PMID: 23607334; PMCID: PMC3644252.
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BMC Health Serv Res. 2013 Apr 22;13:145. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-145.

Constructing a questionnaire for assessment of awareness and acceptance of diversity in healthcare institutions.

BMC health services research

Azita Emami, Jalal Safipour

Affiliations

  1. Karolinska Institutet, Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Aging Research Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.

PMID: 23607334 PMCID: PMC3644252 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-145

Abstract

BACKGROUND: To develop a healthcare environment that is congruent with diversity among care providers and care recipients and to eliminate ethnic discrimination, it's important to map out and assess caregivers' awareness and acceptance of diversity. Because of a lack of standardized questionnaires in the Swedish context, this study designed and standardized a questionnaire: the Assessment of Awareness and Acceptance of Diversity in Healthcare Institutions (AAAD, for short).

METHOD: The questionnaire was developed in four phases: a comprehensive literature review, face and content validity, construct validity by factor analysis, and a reliability test by internal consistency and stability assessments.

RESULTS: Results of different validity and reliability analyses suggest high face, content, and construct validity as well as good reliability in internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.68 to 0.8) and stability (test-retest: Spearman rank correlation coefficient: 0.60 to 0.76). The result of the factor analysis identified six dimensions in the questionnaire: 1) Attitude toward discrimination, 2) Interaction between staff, 3) Stereotypic attitude toward working with a person with a Swedish background, 4) Attitude toward working with a patient with a different background, 5) Attitude toward communication with persons with different backgrounds, 6) Attitude toward interaction between patients and staff.

CONCLUSION: This study introduces a newly developed questionnaire with good reliability and validity values that can assess healthcare workers' awareness and acceptance of diversity in the healthcare environment and healthcare delivery.

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