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Engelstoft MS, Park WM, Sakata I, et al. Seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor repertoire of gastric ghrelin cells. Mol Metab. 2013;2(4):376-92doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.08.006.
Engelstoft, M. S., Park, W. M., Sakata, I., Kristensen, L. V., Husted, A. S., Osborne-Lawrence, S., Piper, P. K., Walker, A. K., Pedersen, M. H., Nøhr, M. K., Pan, J., Sinz, C. J., Carrington, P. E., Akiyama, T. E., Jones, R. M., Tang, C., Ahmed, K., Offermanns, S., Egerod, K. L., Zigman, J. M., & Schwartz, T. W. (2013). Seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor repertoire of gastric ghrelin cells. Molecular metabolism, 2(4), 376-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2013.08.006
Engelstoft, Maja S, et al. "Seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor repertoire of gastric ghrelin cells." Molecular metabolism vol. 2,4 (2013): 376-92. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2013.08.006
Engelstoft MS, Park WM, Sakata I, Kristensen LV, Husted AS, Osborne-Lawrence S, Piper PK, Walker AK, Pedersen MH, Nøhr MK, Pan J, Sinz CJ, Carrington PE, Akiyama TE, Jones RM, Tang C, Ahmed K, Offermanns S, Egerod KL, Zigman JM, Schwartz TW. Seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor repertoire of gastric ghrelin cells. Mol Metab. 2013 Sep 04;2(4):376-92. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.08.006. eCollection 2013. PMID: 24327954; PMCID: PMC3854997.
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Mol Metab. 2013 Sep 04;2(4):376-92. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.08.006. eCollection 2013.

Seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor repertoire of gastric ghrelin cells.

Molecular metabolism

Maja S Engelstoft, Won-Mee Park, Ichiro Sakata, Line V Kristensen, Anna Sofie Husted, Sherri Osborne-Lawrence, Paul K Piper, Angela K Walker, Maria H Pedersen, Mark K Nøhr, Jie Pan, Christopher J Sinz, Paul E Carrington, Taro E Akiyama, Robert M Jones, Cong Tang, Kashan Ahmed, Stefan Offermanns, Kristoffer L Egerod, Jeffrey M Zigman, Thue W Schwartz

Affiliations

  1. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark ; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.

PMID: 24327954 PMCID: PMC3854997 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.08.006

Abstract

The molecular mechanisms regulating secretion of the orexigenic-glucoregulatory hormone ghrelin remain unclear. Based on qPCR analysis of FACS-purified gastric ghrelin cells, highly expressed and enriched 7TM receptors were comprehensively identified and functionally characterized using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo methods. Five Gαs-coupled receptors efficiently stimulated ghrelin secretion: as expected the β1-adrenergic, the GIP and the secretin receptors but surprisingly also the composite receptor for the sensory neuropeptide CGRP and the melanocortin 4 receptor. A number of Gαi/o-coupled receptors inhibited ghrelin secretion including somatostatin receptors SSTR1, SSTR2 and SSTR3 and unexpectedly the highly enriched lactate receptor, GPR81. Three other metabolite receptors known to be both Gαi/o- and Gαq/11-coupled all inhibited ghrelin secretion through a pertussis toxin-sensitive Gαi/o pathway: FFAR2 (short chain fatty acid receptor; GPR43), FFAR4 (long chain fatty acid receptor; GPR120) and CasR (calcium sensing receptor). In addition to the common Gα subunits three non-common Gαi/o subunits were highly enriched in ghrelin cells: GαoA, GαoB and Gαz. Inhibition of Gαi/o signaling via ghrelin cell-selective pertussis toxin expression markedly enhanced circulating ghrelin. These 7TM receptors and associated Gα subunits constitute a major part of the molecular machinery directly mediating neuronal and endocrine stimulation versus metabolite and somatostatin inhibition of ghrelin secretion including a series of novel receptor targets not previously identified on the ghrelin cell.

Keywords: 7TM, seven transmembrane segment; BAC, bacterial artificial chromosome; CCK, cholecystokinin; CFMB, (S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-N-(5-phenylthiazol-2-yl)butamide; CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide; CHBA, 3-chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid; Enteroendocrine; G protein signaling; GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; GPCR; Ghrelin; Metabolites; PTx, Bordetella pertussis toxin; PYY, peptide YY; Secretion; hrGFP, humanized Renilla reniformis green fluorescent protein

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