Front Physiol. 2014 Jun 24;5:228. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00228. eCollection 2014.
Vitamin D and adipose tissue-more than storage.
Frontiers in physiology
Shivaprakash J Mutt, Elina Hyppönen, Juha Saarnio, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Karl-Heinz Herzig
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland ; Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland.
- School of Population Health and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia Adelaide, SA, Australia ; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide, SA, Australia ; Population, Policy and Practice, Institute of Child Health, University College London London, UK.
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland.
- Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland ; Unit of Primary Care, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital Oulu, Finland ; Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare Oulu, Finland ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and MRC-PHE Center for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London London, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland ; Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital Oulu, Finland.
PMID: 25009502
PMCID: PMC4067728 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00228
Abstract
The pandemic increase in obesity is inversely associated with vitamin D levels. While a higher BMI was causally related to lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), no evidence was obtained for a BMI lowering effect by higher 25(OH)D. Some of the physiological functions of 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or calcitriol) via its receptor within the adipose tissue have been investigated such as its effect on energy balance, adipogenesis, adipokine, and cytokine secretion. Adipose tissue inflammation has been recognized as the key component of metabolic disorders, e.g., in the metabolic syndrome. The adipose organ secretes more than 260 different proteins/peptides. However, the molecular basis of the interactions of 1,25(OH)2D3, vitamin D binding proteins (VDBPs) and nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) after sequestration in adipose tissue and their regulations are still unclear. 1,25(OH)2D3 and its inactive metabolites are known to inhibit the formation of adipocytes in mouse 3T3-L1 cell line. In humans, 1,25(OH)2D3 promotes preadipocyte differentiation under cell culture conditions. Further evidence of its important functions is given by VDR knock out (VDR(-/-)) and CYP27B1 knock out (CYP27B1 (-/-)) mouse models: Both VDR(-/-) and CYP27B1(-/-) models are highly resistant to the diet induced weight gain, while the specific overexpression of human VDR in adipose tissue leads to increased adipose tissue mass. The analysis of microarray datasets from human adipocytes treated with macrophage-secreted products up-regulated VDR and CYP27B1 genes indicating the capacity of adipocytes to even produce active 1,25(OH)2D3. Experimental studies demonstrate that 1,25(OH)2D3 has an active role in adipose tissue by modulating inflammation, adipogenesis and adipocyte secretion. Yet, further in vivo studies are needed to address the effects and the effective dosages of vitamin D in human adipose tissue and its relevance in the associated diseases.
Keywords: 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or calcitriol; adipogenesis; adipokines; adipose tissue; gene regulation; secretion; vitamin D binding protein
References
- J Cell Biochem. 2007 May 1;101(1):80-8 - PubMed
- J Biol Chem. 2006 Apr 21;281(16):11205-13 - PubMed
- BMC Med. 2013 Jul 12;11:163 - PubMed
- J Cell Sci. 2011 Aug 15;124(Pt 16):2681-6 - PubMed
- PLoS Med. 2013;10(2):e1001383 - PubMed
- Horm Metab Res. 2013 Jun;45(6):456-62 - PubMed
- PLoS One. 2011 Jan 26;6(1):e16479 - PubMed
- Physiol Behav. 2008 May 23;94(2):206-18 - PubMed
- N Engl J Med. 2014 Feb 27;370(9):880-1 - PubMed
- Nature. 2006 Dec 14;444(7121):860-7 - PubMed
- Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007 Feb;15(2):340-8 - PubMed
- FASEB J. 2012 Nov;26(11):4400-7 - PubMed
- J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2013 Aug;97(4):675-83 - PubMed
- Mol Cell Biol. 2014 Mar;34(6):939-54 - PubMed
- Mol Endocrinol. 2005 Aug;19(8):2060-73 - PubMed
- Int J Circumpolar Health. 2008 Jun;67(2-3):164-78 - PubMed
- J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics. 2008;1(1-2):30-48 - PubMed
- Lipids Health Dis. 2011 Feb 27;10:37 - PubMed
- Nature. 2006 Dec 14;444(7121):875-80 - PubMed
- Lancet. 1989 Nov 4;2(8671):1104-5 - PubMed
- Science. 2000 Aug 11;289(5481):950-3 - PubMed
- BMJ. 2014 Apr 01;348:g1903 - PubMed
- J Nutr Biochem. 2009 Jul;20(7):512-20 - PubMed
- Genes Dev. 2008 Nov 1;22(21):2941-52 - PubMed
- PLoS One. 2013 Jun 18;8(6):e66515 - PubMed
- J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2009 Jul;115(3-5):91-7 - PubMed
- Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Nov;39(21):9181-93 - PubMed
- Nature. 2006 Dec 14;444(7121):881-7 - PubMed
- Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010 Jan 15;314(1):1-16 - PubMed
- Genes Dev. 2008 Nov 1;22(21):2953-67 - PubMed
- J Clin Invest. 2003 Dec;112(12):1785-8 - PubMed
- Eur J Nutr. 2012 Apr;51(3):335-42 - PubMed
- Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Sep;72(3):690-3 - PubMed
- Mol Cell Proteomics. 2012 Jan;11(1):M111.010504 - PubMed
- Int J Mol Med. 2012 Nov;30(5):1219-24 - PubMed
- Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 May;290(5):E916-24 - PubMed
- Dev Cell. 2010 May 18;18(5):763-74 - PubMed
- PLoS One. 2013 Apr 24;8(4):e61707 - PubMed
- J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2009 Mar;114(1-2):78-84 - PubMed
- N Engl J Med. 2006 Aug 24;355(8):763-78 - PubMed
- Front Physiol. 2014 Apr 03;5:122 - PubMed
- Physiol Rev. 2013 Jan;93(1):1-21 - PubMed
- Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2010 Oct;200(2):107-27 - PubMed
- PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e30948 - PubMed
- Z Rheumatol. 2000;59 Suppl 1:24-7 - PubMed
- J Nutr Biochem. 2008 Jun;19(6):392-9 - PubMed
- PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52171 - PubMed
- Br J Nutr. 2012 Dec 14;108(11):1915-23 - PubMed
- Genome Res. 2010 Oct;20(10):1352-60 - PubMed
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 May 21;396(1):101-4 - PubMed
- Biochem J. 2009 Dec 14;425(1):215-23 - PubMed
- J Cell Physiol. 2011 Aug;226(8):2016-24 - PubMed
- Cell. 2013 Apr 25;153(3):601-13 - PubMed
- J Cell Physiol. 2013 Oct;228(10):2024-36 - PubMed
- Nature. 2006 Dec 14;444(7121):840-6 - PubMed
- Nutrition. 2001 Jan;17(1):26-30 - PubMed
- J Biol Chem. 2011 Sep 30;286(39):33804-10 - PubMed
- Histochem Cell Biol. 1995 Dec;104(6):417-27 - PubMed
- Chem Biol Interact. 2007 Nov 20;170(2):114-23 - PubMed
- PLoS One. 2014 Apr 30;9(4):e96105 - PubMed
- Cell Metab. 2005 Nov;2(5):283-95 - PubMed
- Anal Chem. 2012 Jan 17;84(2):956-62 - PubMed
- Endocrinology. 2009 Feb;150(2):651-61 - PubMed
- Dev Cell. 2006 Apr;10(4):461-71 - PubMed
- Mol Nutr Food Res. 2012 Dec;56(12):1771-82 - PubMed
- Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010 Apr 29;318(1-2):10-4 - PubMed
- Mol Endocrinol. 2012 Jan;26(1):37-51 - PubMed
- Lancet. 2010 Jul 17;376(9736):180-8 - PubMed
- Cell. 1993 May 21;73(4):725-34 - PubMed
- J Cell Biochem. 2011 Feb;112(2):488-97 - PubMed
- Int J Obes (Lond). 2013 Mar;37(3):357-65 - PubMed
- Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Apr;296(4):E820-8 - PubMed
Publication Types