Immun Ageing. 2014 Dec 11;11(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12979-014-0020-x. eCollection 2014.
The immune response after fracture trauma is different in old compared to young patients.
Immunity & ageing : I & A
Helen Vester, Markus S Huber-Lang, Qerim Kida, Alexander Scola, Martijn van Griensven, Florian Gebhard, Andreas K Nüssler, Mario Perl
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany ; BG-Trauma Center Murnau, Prof.-Küntscher-Str. 8, 82418 Murnau, Germany.
PMID: 25620994
PMCID: PMC4305233 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-014-0020-x
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite significant medical progress and improved treatment, surgical procedures of proximal femur fractures in older patients are still associated with a high postoperative complication and mortality rate. Recently, several authors investigated the phenomenon of immunoageing, indicating differences in the ageing immune system. The aim of the present multi-center prospective clinical trial was to analyze differences in the posttraumatic immune response of old patients compared to young patients.
METHODS: Blood was collected from young patients (<50 y, n = 20) with long bone fractures (YF), old patients (>70 y, n = 21) with proximal femur fractures (OF) upon clinical admission and within 6 hours after surgery, and two healthy age matched control groups (YH & OH). Serum TRAIL- and cytokine concentrations were analyzed via cytometric bead array, Fas-Ligand and TNF-Receptor-I via ELISA. CD15(+) magnetic bead-isolated neutrophils (PMN) were TUNEL stained.
RESULTS: IL-6 was significantly increased only in OF after trauma and surgery whereas YF patient exhibited a marked decrease of TNF after trauma. Interestingly, a significant increase of GM-CSF serum levels was observed in YF only, whereas OF exhibited a decrease of systemic IFN-γ concentrations after trauma and after surgery. The healthy controls, old and young, had more or less similar inflammation levels. Moreover, TRAIL serum levels were diminished in OF after trauma and even further after surgery whereas in YF this was only observed after the surgical procedure. Fas-L concentrations were reduced only in YF after surgery or trauma. PMN apoptosis was significantly reduced only in YF, indicating activation of the innate immune system.
DISCUSSION: In summary, our data suggest that the posttraumatic immune response is differently regulated in old and young trauma patients. The operative procedure further impacts these differences after trauma. Whether the decreased activation of PMNs and phagocytes along with the observed dysregulation of the posttraumatic inflammatory response contributes to the high perioperative mortality rate of the elderly suffering from a proximal femoral fracture requires further investigation.
Keywords: Apoptosis; Immunoageing; Inflammation; Trauma
References
- Arch Surg. 1999 Apr;134(4):421-7 - PubMed
- J Clin Immunol. 2000 Jul;20(4):229-39 - PubMed
- Bone. 1996 Jan;18(1 Suppl):57S-63S - PubMed
- J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1997 Jul;52(4):M201-8 - PubMed
- Crit Care Med. 2000 Oct;28(10):3441-8 - PubMed
- Immunol Cell Biol. 2004 Aug;82(4):415-20 - PubMed
- Immunol Rev. 2005 Jun;205:130-46 - PubMed
- J Leukoc Biol. 2000 Jan;67(1):40-5 - PubMed
- J Transl Med. 2011 Jul 20;9:113 - PubMed
- Immun Ageing. 2011 Oct 01;8:8 - PubMed
- Arch Intern Med. 2002 Oct 14;162(18):2053-7 - PubMed
- J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1997 Mar;52(2):B93-7 - PubMed
- Shock. 2012 Jul;38(1):98-106 - PubMed
- Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013 Aug 07;54(8):5321-31 - PubMed
- Age Ageing. 2012 Jan;41(1):86-92 - PubMed
- Eur Cytokine Netw. 2002 Oct-Dec;13(4):389-91 - PubMed
- Mech Ageing Dev. 2003 Apr;124(4):487-93 - PubMed
- JAMA. 2009 Oct 14;302(14):1573-9 - PubMed
- Clin Geriatr Med. 2014 May;30(2):175-81 - PubMed
- Crit Care Med. 2005 Dec;33(12 Suppl):S526-9 - PubMed
- PLoS One. 2013 Dec 12;8(12):e82204 - PubMed
- Aging (Albany NY). 2014 Feb;6(2):131-9 - PubMed
- Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2014 Mar 03;22:16 - PubMed
- Osteoporos Int. 2009 Oct;20(10):1633-50 - PubMed
- Vaccine. 2000 Feb 25;18(16):1596-601 - PubMed
- Curr Top Cell Regul. 1997;35:107-21 - PubMed
- Eur Cytokine Netw. 2002 Oct-Dec;13(4):392-4 - PubMed
- Shock. 2007 Dec;28(6):668-674 - PubMed
- Clin Exp Immunol. 1999 Nov;118(2):235-41 - PubMed
- J Am Coll Surg. 2007 May;204(5):840-52; discussion 852-3 - PubMed
- Cytokine. 2013 Mar;61(3):716-9 - PubMed
- Trends Immunol. 2011 Feb;32(2):57-65 - PubMed
- Am J Pathol. 2005 Dec;167(6):1545-59 - PubMed
- Inflamm Res. 2007 Jan;56(1):38-44 - PubMed
- Immunol Res. 2004;30(1):81-94 - PubMed
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014:819847 - PubMed
- Shock. 2003 Apr;19(4):299-304 - PubMed
- Aging (Albany NY). 2009 Jul 14;1(7):652-63 - PubMed
- Arch Surg. 2000 Mar;135(3):291-5 - PubMed
Publication Types