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Husain F, Levin J, Scott J, et al. Recurrent refrains in a patient with multiple sclerosis: Earworms or musical hallucinations?. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2013;3(2):276-8doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.004.
Husain, F., Levin, J., Scott, J., & Fjeldstad, C. (2014). Recurrent refrains in a patient with multiple sclerosis: Earworms or musical hallucinations?. Multiple sclerosis and related disorders, 3(2), 276-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.004
Husain, Farhat, et al. "Recurrent refrains in a patient with multiple sclerosis: Earworms or musical hallucinations?." Multiple sclerosis and related disorders vol. 3,2 (2014): 276-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.004
Husain F, Levin J, Scott J, Fjeldstad C. Recurrent refrains in a patient with multiple sclerosis: Earworms or musical hallucinations?. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2014 Mar;3(2):276-8. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.004. Epub 2013 Sep 29. PMID: 25878018.
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Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2014 Mar;3(2):276-8. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.004. Epub 2013 Sep 29.

Recurrent refrains in a patient with multiple sclerosis: Earworms or musical hallucinations?.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders

Farhat Husain, Jeremy Levin, Jim Scott, Cecilie Fjeldstad

Affiliations

  1. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, MS Center of Excellence, 820 NE 15th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
  2. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, MS Center of Excellence, 820 NE 15th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
  3. Oklahoma University Health and Sciences Center, Department of Psychiatry-Behavioral Sciences, 920 Stanton L Young Blvd Suite WP30, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.

PMID: 25878018 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.004

Abstract

Musical hallucinations are recognized in certain neurological and psychiatric conditions and can be caused by focal brain disease (Evers and Ellger, 2004). However, the occurrence of primary musical hallucinations in multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been reported previously. We report a case of a 54 year old woman with progressive, relapsing MS who has continuous, unremitting, complex auditory phenomenon for an extended period of time. We believe that MS lesions rather than medications are the cause for this disturbing symptom and we present a brief review of the literature regarding the current views on the neural substrates of musical perception and cognition.

Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Auditory pathways; Deafferentation; Earworms; MRI; Multiple sclerosis; Musical hallucinations

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