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Lunt MF, Rigby M, Ganesan AL, et al. Reconciling reported and unreported HFC emissions with atmospheric observations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(19):5927-31doi: 10.1073/pnas.1420247112.
Lunt, M. F., Rigby, M., Ganesan, A. L., Manning, A. J., Prinn, R. G., O'Doherty, S., Mühle, J., Harth, C. M., Salameh, P. K., Arnold, T., Weiss, R. F., Saito, T., Yokouchi, Y., Krummel, P. B., Steele, L. P., Fraser, P. J., Li, S., Park, S., Reimann, S., Vollmer, M. K., Lunder, C., Hermansen, O., Schmidbauer, N., Maione, M., Arduini, J., Young, D., & Simmonds, P. G. (2015). Reconciling reported and unreported HFC emissions with atmospheric observations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(19), 5927-31. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1420247112
Lunt, Mark F, et al. "Reconciling reported and unreported HFC emissions with atmospheric observations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America vol. 112,19 (2015): 5927-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1420247112
Lunt MF, Rigby M, Ganesan AL, Manning AJ, Prinn RG, O'Doherty S, Mühle J, Harth CM, Salameh PK, Arnold T, Weiss RF, Saito T, Yokouchi Y, Krummel PB, Steele LP, Fraser PJ, Li S, Park S, Reimann S, Vollmer MK, Lunder C, Hermansen O, Schmidbauer N, Maione M, Arduini J, Young D, Simmonds PG. Reconciling reported and unreported HFC emissions with atmospheric observations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 May 12;112(19):5927-31. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1420247112. Epub 2015 Apr 27. PMID: 25918401; PMCID: PMC4434701.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 May 12;112(19):5927-31. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1420247112. Epub 2015 Apr 27.

Reconciling reported and unreported HFC emissions with atmospheric observations.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Mark F Lunt, Matthew Rigby, Anita L Ganesan, Alistair J Manning, Ronald G Prinn, Simon O'Doherty, Jens Mühle, Christina M Harth, Peter K Salameh, Tim Arnold, Ray F Weiss, Takuya Saito, Yoko Yokouchi, Paul B Krummel, L Paul Steele, Paul J Fraser, Shanlan Li, Sunyoung Park, Stefan Reimann, Martin K Vollmer, Chris Lunder, Ove Hermansen, Norbert Schmidbauer, Michela Maione, Jgor Arduini, Dickon Young, Peter G Simmonds

Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom; [email protected].
  2. School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom;
  3. Hadley Centre, Met Office, Exeter EX1 3PB, United Kingdom;
  4. Centre for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
  5. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
  6. Centre for Environmental Measurement and Analysis, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan;
  7. Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Aspendale, VIC 3195, Australia;
  8. Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography and.
  9. Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Republic of Korea;
  10. Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland;
  11. Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway;
  12. Department of Basic Science and Foundations, University of Urbino, Urbino 61029, Italy; and National Inter-University Consortium for Physics of the Atmosphere and Hydrosphere, Tolentino 62029, Italy.

PMID: 25918401 PMCID: PMC4434701 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420247112

Abstract

We infer global and regional emissions of five of the most abundant hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) using atmospheric measurements from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment and the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, networks. We find that the total CO2-equivalent emissions of the five HFCs from countries that are required to provide detailed, annual reports to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) increased from 198 (175-221) Tg-CO2-eq ⋅ y(-1) in 2007 to 275 (246-304) Tg-CO2-eq ⋅ y(-1) in 2012. These global warming potential-weighted aggregated emissions agree well with those reported to the UNFCCC throughout this period and indicate that the gap between reported emissions and global HFC emissions derived from atmospheric trends is almost entirely due to emissions from nonreporting countries. However, our measurement-based estimates of individual HFC species suggest that emissions, from reporting countries, of the most abundant HFC, HFC-134a, were only 79% (63-95%) of the UNFCCC inventory total, while other HFC emissions were significantly greater than the reported values. These results suggest that there are inaccuracies in the reporting methods for individual HFCs, which appear to cancel when aggregated together.

Keywords: climate change; halocarbons; radiative forcing

References

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