Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci. 2015 Oct;53:84-93. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.03.006. Epub 2015 May 11.
Studies in history and philosophy of biological and biomedical sciences
William Bechtel
PMID: 25977254 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.03.006
This paper considers two objections to explanations that appeal to mechanisms to explain biological phenomena. Marom argues that the time-scale on which many phenomena occur is scale-free. There is also reason to suspect that the network of interacting entities is scale-free. The result is that mechanisms do not have well-delineated boundaries in nature. I argue that bounded mechanisms should be viewed as entities scientists posit in advancing scientific hypotheses. In positing such entities, scientists idealize. Such idealizations can be highly productive in developing and improving scientific explanations even if the hypothesized mechanisms never precisely correspond to bounded entities in nature. Mechanistic explanations can be reconciled with scale-free constitution and dynamics even if mechanisms as bounded entities don't exist.
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Keywords: Idealization and abstraction; Mechanistic explanation; Scale-free dynamics; Scale-free small world networks