Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2015 Nov;10(6):858-67.
EFFECTS OF A DRY-LAND STRENGTHENING PROGRAM IN COMPETITIVE ADOLESCENT SWIMMERS.
International journal of sports physical therapy
Robert C Manske, Stephanie Lewis, Steve Wolff, Barbara Smith
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Peak Physical Therapy, Colorado Springs, Co, USA.
- Mid America Orthopedics, Wichita, KS, USA.
- Wichita State University Department of Physical Therapy, Wichita, KS, USA.
PMID: 26618065
PMCID: PMC4637920
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Shoulder pain is common in competitive young swimmers. A relationship between shoulder strength and shoulder soreness in competitive young swimmers may indicate need for strengthening.
PURPOSE: To determine if a shoulder exercise program will improve shoulder strength and decrease pain in competitive young swimmers.
STUDY DESIGN: Randomized control.
METHODS: Participants (10 control, 11 experimental), randomly assigned to a control or experiment group, completed the 12 week program. Strength was measured prior to the study for shoulder flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation, and extension on the dominant arm using handheld dynamometry. The experimental group was then assigned exercises to be performed three times per week. The control group was instructed not to perform the exercises. All participants were re-tested at six and twelve weeks following initiation of the study.
RESULTS: The changes in strength for each muscle group and pain were compared between groups using a mixed design two-way ANOVA. The experimental group significantly increased external rotation strength compared to the control group. Shoulder soreness was not significantly different between groups.
CONCLUSION: Adolescents who perform shoulder strengthening significantly increased their external rotation strength compared to adolescents who only participated in a regular swimming regimen.
Keywords: Competitive swimmer; adolescent; external rotation. Randomized controlled trial; rotator cuff strength; soreness
References
- Clin Sports Med. 1999 Apr;18(2):349-59, vii - PubMed
- Clin Sports Med. 2001 Jul;20(3):423-38 - PubMed
- J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2002 Jan-Feb;11(1):33-9 - PubMed
- J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2002 Nov-Dec;11(6):579-86 - PubMed
- Phys Ther. 2004 Sep;84(9):832-48 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 1992 Mar-Apr;20(2):128-34 - PubMed
- J Athl Train. 2005 Mar;40(1):15-22 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 1992 May-Jun;20(3):323-7 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 1991 Nov-Dec;19(6):569-76 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 1991 Nov-Dec;19(6):577-82 - PubMed
- Br J Sports Med. 2010 Feb;44(2):105-13 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 1991 May-Jun;19(3):264-72 - PubMed
- J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1992;16(6):262-8 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 2009 Oct;37(10):2037-42 - PubMed
- J Sport Rehabil. 2012 Aug;21(3):253-65 - PubMed
- Sports Health. 2009 Mar;1(2):121-4 - PubMed
- Sports Health. 2010 Nov;2(6):519-25 - PubMed
- Sports Health. 2012 May;4(3):246-51 - PubMed
- Phys Ther Sport. 2012 Nov;13(4):243-9 - PubMed
- PM R. 2013 Apr;5(4):303-9 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 1990 Jul-Aug;18(4):366-75 - PubMed
- Sports Med. 1989 Mar;7(3):182-204 - PubMed
- Phys Sportsmed. 1985 Aug;13(8):92-105 - PubMed
- Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985 Jan-Feb;(192):268-73 - PubMed
- Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1985 Jun;66(6):384-6 - PubMed
- Int J Sports Med. 1985 Oct;6(5):266-70 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 1978 Nov-Dec;6(6):309-22 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 1980 May-Jun;8(3):159-63 - PubMed
- J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1994 Dec;20(6):307-18 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 1993 Jan-Feb;21(1):67-70 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 1995 Sep-Oct;23(5):626-31 - PubMed
- Int J Sports Med. 1995 Nov;16(8):557-62 - PubMed
- Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1996 Jun;6(3):132-44 - PubMed
- J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1996 Jan-Feb;5(1):18-24 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 1997 Jul-Aug;25(4):454-9 - PubMed
- Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997 Nov;29(11):1400-5 - PubMed
- Int J Sports Med. 1997 Nov;18(8):618-24 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 1998 Jan-Feb;26(1):83-6 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 1998 Mar-Apr;26(2):210-20 - PubMed
Publication Types