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Anderson AC, Jonas D, Huber I, et al. Enterococcus faecalis from Food, Clinical Specimens, and Oral Sites: Prevalence of Virulence Factors in Association with Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol. 2016;6:1534doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01534.
Anderson, A. C., Jonas, D., Huber, I., Karygianni, L., Wölber, J., Hellwig, E., Arweiler, N., Vach, K., Wittmer, A., & Al-Ahmad, A. (2015). Enterococcus faecalis from Food, Clinical Specimens, and Oral Sites: Prevalence of Virulence Factors in Association with Biofilm Formation. Frontiers in microbiology, 61534. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01534
Anderson, Annette C, et al. "Enterococcus faecalis from Food, Clinical Specimens, and Oral Sites: Prevalence of Virulence Factors in Association with Biofilm Formation." Frontiers in microbiology vol. 6 (2015): 1534. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01534
Anderson AC, Jonas D, Huber I, Karygianni L, Wölber J, Hellwig E, Arweiler N, Vach K, Wittmer A, Al-Ahmad A. Enterococcus faecalis from Food, Clinical Specimens, and Oral Sites: Prevalence of Virulence Factors in Association with Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol. 2016 Jan 11;6:1534. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01534. eCollection 2015. PMID: 26793174; PMCID: PMC4707231.
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Front Microbiol. 2016 Jan 11;6:1534. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01534. eCollection 2015.

Enterococcus faecalis from Food, Clinical Specimens, and Oral Sites: Prevalence of Virulence Factors in Association with Biofilm Formation.

Frontiers in microbiology

Annette C Anderson, Daniel Jonas, Ingrid Huber, Lamprini Karygianni, Johan Wölber, Elmar Hellwig, Nicole Arweiler, Kirstin Vach, Annette Wittmer, Ali Al-Ahmad

Affiliations

  1. Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany.
  2. Department of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany.
  3. Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority Oberschleissheim, Germany.
  4. Department of Periodontology, Philipps-University of Marburg Marburg, Germany.
  5. Department of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Center for Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany.
  6. Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Center for Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany.

PMID: 26793174 PMCID: PMC4707231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01534

Abstract

Enterococci have gained significance as the cause of nosocomial infections; they occur as food contaminants and have also been linked to dental diseases. E. faecalis has a great potential to spread virulence as well as antibiotic resistance genes via horizontal gene transfer. The integration of food-borne enterococci into the oral biofilm in-vivo has been observed. Therefore, we investigated the virulence determinants and antibiotic resistance of 97 E. faecalis isolates from the oral cavity, food, and clinical specimens. In addition, phenotypic expression of gelatinase and cytolysin were tested, in-vitro biofilm formation was quantified and isolates were compared for strain relatedness via pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Each isolate was found to possess two or more virulence genes, most frequently gelE, efaA, and asa1. Notably, plaque/saliva isolates possessed the highest abundance of virulence genes, the highest levels of phenotypic gelatinase and hemolysin activity and concurrently a high ability to form biofilm. The presence of asa1 was associated with biofilm formation. The biofilm formation capacity of clinical and plaque/saliva isolates was considerably higher than that of food isolates and they also showed similar antibiotic resistance patterns. These results indicate that the oral cavity can constitute a reservoir for virulent E. faecalis strains possessing antibiotic resistance traits and at the same time distinct biofilm formation capabilities facilitating exchange of genetic material.

Keywords: PFGE; antibiotic susceptibility; biofilm formation; enterococci; oral cavity; virulence factors

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