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Palmer MH, Ridley T, Vrønning Hoffmann S, et al. Combined theoretical and experimental study of the valence, Rydberg, and ionic states of chlorobenzene. J Chem Phys. 2016;144(12):124302doi: 10.1063/1.4944078.
Palmer, M. H., Ridley, T., Vrønning Hoffmann, S., Jones, N. C., Coreno, M., de Simone, M., Grazioli, C., Zhang, T., Biczysko, M., Baiardi, A., & Peterson, K. A. (2016). Combined theoretical and experimental study of the valence, Rydberg, and ionic states of chlorobenzene. The Journal of chemical physics, 144(12), 124302. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4944078
Palmer, Michael H, et al. "Combined theoretical and experimental study of the valence, Rydberg, and ionic states of chlorobenzene." The Journal of chemical physics vol. 144,12 (2016): 124302. doi: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4944078
Palmer MH, Ridley T, Vrønning Hoffmann S, Jones NC, Coreno M, de Simone M, Grazioli C, Zhang T, Biczysko M, Baiardi A, Peterson KA. Combined theoretical and experimental study of the valence, Rydberg, and ionic states of chlorobenzene. J Chem Phys. 2016 Mar 28;144(12):124302. doi: 10.1063/1.4944078. PMID: 27036443.
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J Chem Phys. 2016 Mar 28;144(12):124302. doi: 10.1063/1.4944078.

Combined theoretical and experimental study of the valence, Rydberg, and ionic states of chlorobenzene.

The Journal of chemical physics

Michael H Palmer, Trevor Ridley, Søren Vrønning Hoffmann, Nykola C Jones, Marcello Coreno, Monica de Simone, Cesare Grazioli, Teng Zhang, Malgorzata Biczysko, Alberto Baiardi, Kirk A Peterson

Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland.
  2. ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
  3. CNR-ISM, Basovizza Area Science Park, 1-34149 Trieste, Italy.
  4. CNR-IOM Laboratorio TASC, Trieste, Italy.
  5. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
  6. International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
  7. Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
  8. Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA.

PMID: 27036443 DOI: 10.1063/1.4944078

Abstract

New photoelectron (PE) and ultra violet (UV) and vacuum UV (VUV) spectra have been obtained for chlorobenzene by synchrotron study with higher sensitivity and resolution than previous work and are subjected to detailed analysis. In addition, we report on the mass-resolved (2 + 1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectra of a jet-cooled sample. Both the VUV and REMPI spectra have enabled identification of a considerable number of Rydberg states for the first time. The use of ab initio calculations, which include both multi-reference multi-root doubles and singles configuration interaction (MRD-CI) and time dependent density functional theoretical (TDDFT) methods, has led to major advances in interpretation of the vibrational structure of the ionic and electronically excited states. Franck-Condon (FC) analyses of the PE spectra, including both hot and cold bands, indicate much more complex envelopes than previously thought. The sequence of ionic states can be best interpreted by our multi-configuration self-consistent field computations and also by comparison of the calculated vibrational structure of the B and C ionic states with experiment; these conclusions suggest that the leading sequence is the same as that of iodobenzene and bromobenzene, namely: X(2)B1(3b1 (-1)) < A(2)A2(1a2 (-1)) < B(2)B2(6b2 (-1)) < C(2)B1(2b1 (-1)). The absorption onset near 4.6 eV has been investigated using MRD-CI and TDDFT calculations; the principal component of this band is (1)B2 and an interpretation based on the superposition of FC and Herzberg-Teller contributions has been performed. The other low-lying absorption band near 5.8 eV is dominated by a (1)A1 state, but an underlying weak (1)B1 state (πσ(∗)) is also found. The strongest band in the VUV spectrum near 6.7 eV is poorly resolved and is analyzed in terms of two ππ(∗) states of (1)A1 (higher oscillator strength) and (1)B2 (lower oscillator strength) symmetries, respectively. The calculated vertical excitation energies of these two states are critically dependent upon the presence of Rydberg functions in the basis set, since both manifolds are strongly perturbed by the Rydberg states in this energy range. A number of equilibrium structures of the ionic and singlet excited states show that the molecular structure is less subject to variation than corresponding studies for iodobenzene and bromobenzene.

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