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Cain B, Jones JC, Holásková I, et al. Feasibility for Measuring Transverse Area Ratios and Asymmetry of Lumbosacral Region Paraspinal Muscles in Working Dogs Using Computed Tomography. Front Vet Sci. 2016;3:34doi: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00034.
Cain, B., Jones, J. C., Holásková, I., Freeman, L., & Pierce, B. (2016). Feasibility for Measuring Transverse Area Ratios and Asymmetry of Lumbosacral Region Paraspinal Muscles in Working Dogs Using Computed Tomography. Frontiers in veterinary science, 334. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00034
Cain, Bethany, et al. "Feasibility for Measuring Transverse Area Ratios and Asymmetry of Lumbosacral Region Paraspinal Muscles in Working Dogs Using Computed Tomography." Frontiers in veterinary science vol. 3 (2016): 34. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00034
Cain B, Jones JC, Holásková I, Freeman L, Pierce B. Feasibility for Measuring Transverse Area Ratios and Asymmetry of Lumbosacral Region Paraspinal Muscles in Working Dogs Using Computed Tomography. Front Vet Sci. 2016 May 12;3:34. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00034. eCollection 2016. PMID: 27243022; PMCID: PMC4867674.
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Front Vet Sci. 2016 May 12;3:34. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00034. eCollection 2016.

Feasibility for Measuring Transverse Area Ratios and Asymmetry of Lumbosacral Region Paraspinal Muscles in Working Dogs Using Computed Tomography.

Frontiers in veterinary science

Bethany Cain, Jeryl C Jones, Ida Holásková, Larry Freeman, Bess Pierce

Affiliations

  1. Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University , Morgantown, WV , USA.
  2. Office of Statistics, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University , Morgantown, WV , USA.
  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, VA , USA.
  4. Department of Population and Health Science, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, VA , USA.

PMID: 27243022 PMCID: PMC4867674 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00034

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Describe computed tomographic (CT) anatomy of canine lumbosacral (LS) paraspinal muscles, a method for measuring paraspinal muscle transverse area ratios and asymmetry using CT, and application of this method in a small sample of working dogs with versus without LS pain.

METHODS: Published anatomy references and atlases were reviewed and discrepancies were resolved by examination of anatomic specimens and multiplanar reformatted images to describe transverse CT anatomy of LS region paraspinal muscles. Sixteen Belgian malinois military working dogs were retrospectively recruited and assigned to LS pain positive versus negative groups based on medical record entries. A single observer unaware of dog group measured CT transverse areas of paraspinal muscles and adjacent vertebral bodies, in triplicate, for L5-S1 vertebral locations. A statistician compared muscle transverse area ratios and asymmetry at each vertebral location between groups.

RESULTS: The relative coefficient of variation for triplicate CT area measurements averaged 2.15% (N = 16). Multifidus lumborum (L6-7), psoas/iliopsoas (L5-6, L6-7), and sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis (L6-7, L7-S1) transverse area ratios were significantly smaller in dogs with LS pain (n = 11) versus without LS pain (n = 5) (p ≤ 0.05). Muscle asymmetry values were not significantly greater in dogs with versus without LS pain.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Computed tomographic morphometry of LS region paraspinal muscles is a feasible objective method for use in future evidence-based research studies in working dogs. Potential future research applications include determining whether decreased paraspinal muscle area ratios and/or increased paraspinal muscle asymmetry could be used as markers for preclinical LS pain in stoic dogs or risk factors for other injuries in high performance canine athletes, or determining whether core muscle strengthening exercise prescriptions for dogs with LS pain have an effect on paraspinal muscle area ratios and asymmetry.

Keywords: CT; canine; cauda equina; core muscle; lower back

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