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Park S, Kwon KI, Kweon SJ, et al. Creating a school nutrition environment index and pilot testing it in elementary and middle schools in urban South Korea. Nutr Res Pract. 2017;11(5):402-411doi: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.5.402.
Park, S., Kwon, K. I., Kweon, S. J., Wang, Y., & Gittelsohn, J. (2017). Creating a school nutrition environment index and pilot testing it in elementary and middle schools in urban South Korea. Nutrition research and practice, 11(5), 402-411. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2017.11.5.402
Park, Sohyun, et al. "Creating a school nutrition environment index and pilot testing it in elementary and middle schools in urban South Korea." Nutrition research and practice vol. 11,5 (2017): 402-411. doi: https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2017.11.5.402
Park S, Kwon KI, Kweon SJ, Wang Y, Gittelsohn J. Creating a school nutrition environment index and pilot testing it in elementary and middle schools in urban South Korea. Nutr Res Pract. 2017 Oct;11(5):402-411. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.5.402. Epub 2017 Sep 23. PMID: 28989577; PMCID: PMC5621363.
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Nutr Res Pract. 2017 Oct;11(5):402-411. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.5.402. Epub 2017 Sep 23.

Creating a school nutrition environment index and pilot testing it in elementary and middle schools in urban South Korea.

Nutrition research and practice

Sohyun Park, Kwang-Il Kwon, Soon Ju Kweon, Youfa Wang, Joel Gittelsohn

Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Life Science Building Room 8519, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24251, Korea.
  2. Center for Human Nutrition, Global Center on Childhood Obesity, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
  3. Dietary and Nutritional Safety Policy Division, Food and Consumer Safety Bureau, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungbuk 28159, Korea.
  4. Physical Education and Health Division, Lifelong and Vocational Education Bureau, Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education, Seoul 03178, Korea.
  5. Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.

PMID: 28989577 PMCID: PMC5621363 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.5.402

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The role of a school's nutrition environment in explaining students' eating behaviors and weight status has not been examined in an Asian setting. The purpose of this study was to create a school nutrition environment index and to pilot test the index in elementary and middle schools in urban South Korea.

SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study used a mixed-methods approach. Environment assessment tools were developed based on formative research, which comprised literature reviews, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Key elements from the formative research were included in the assessment tool, which consisted of a structured survey questionnaire for school dietitians. Fifteen school dietitians from 7 elementary and 8 middle schools in Seoul completed the questionnaire.

RESULTS: The formative research revealed four main sections that guided a summary index to assess a school's nutrition environment: resource availability, education and programs, dietitians' perceptions and characteristics, and school lunch menu. Based on the literature reviews and interviews, an index scoring system was developed. The total possible score from the combined four index sections was 40 points. From the 15 schools participating in the pilot survey, the mean school nutrition-environment index was 22.5 (standard deviation ± 3.2; range 17-28). The majority of the schools did not offer classroom-based nutrition education or nutrition counseling for students and parents. The popular modes of nutrition education were school websites, posters, and newsletters.

CONCLUSIONS: This paper illustrates the process used to develop an instrument to assess a school's nutrition environment. Moreover, it presents the steps used to develop a scoring system for creation of a school nutrition environment index. As pilot testing indicated the total index score has some variation across schools, we suggest applying this instrument in future studies involving a larger number of schools. Future studies with larger samples will allow investigation of the validity and reliability of this newly developed tool.

Keywords: Republic of Korea; Schools; environment

Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interests.

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