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Nanomaterials (Basel). 2018 Aug 21;8(9). doi: 10.3390/nano8090634.

Health Concerns of Various Nanoparticles: A Review of Their in Vitro and in Vivo Toxicity.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

Marziyeh Ajdary, Mohammad Amin Moosavi, Marveh Rahmati, Mojtaba Falahati, Mohammad Mahboubi, Ali Mandegary, Saranaz Jangjoo, Reza Mohammadinejad, Rajender S Varma

Affiliations

  1. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1449614525, Iran. [email protected].
  2. Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran P.O Box 14965/161, Iran. [email protected].
  3. Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 13145-158, Iran. [email protected].
  4. Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branches, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran P.O. Box 1916893813, Iran. [email protected].
  5. Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan P.O. Box 517, Iran. [email protected].
  6. Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman P.O. Box 1355576169, Iran. [email protected].
  7. Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman P.O. Box 7616911319, Iran. [email protected].
  8. School of Medicine, International Branch, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran. [email protected].
  9. Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman P.O. Box 1355576169, Iran. [email protected].
  10. Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitel? 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic. [email protected].

PMID: 30134524 PMCID: PMC6164883 DOI: 10.3390/nano8090634

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently used in diagnosis and treatment of many human diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. However, cytotoxic effects of NPs on normal cells and living organs is a severe limiting factor that hinders their use in clinic. In addition, diversity of NPs and their physico-chemical properties, including particle size, shape, surface area, dispersity and protein corona effects are considered as key factors that have a crucial impact on their safe or toxicological behaviors. Current studies on toxic effects of NPs are aimed to identify the targets and mechanisms of their side effects, with a focus on elucidating the patterns of NP transport, accumulation, degradation, and elimination, in both in vitro and in vitro models. NPs can enter the body through inhalation, skin and digestive routes. Consequently, there is a need for reliable information about effects of NPs on various organs in order to reveal their efficacy and impact on health. This review covers the existing knowledge base on the subject that hopefully prepares us better to address these challenges.

Keywords: nanoparticles; organ-specific effects; toxicological effects

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