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Ultrasound Med Biol. 2019 May;45(5):1056-1080. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.10.035. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

For Whom the Bubble Grows: Physical Principles of Bubble Nucleation and Dynamics in Histotripsy Ultrasound Therapy.

Ultrasound in medicine & biology

Kenneth B Bader, Eli Vlaisavljevich, Adam D Maxwell

Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology and Committee on Medical Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
  3. Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.

PMID: 30922619 PMCID: PMC6524960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.10.035

Abstract

Histotripsy is a focused ultrasound therapy for non-invasive tissue ablation. Unlike thermally ablative forms of therapeutic ultrasound, histotripsy relies on the mechanical action of bubble clouds for tissue destruction. Although acoustic bubble activity is often characterized as chaotic, the short-duration histotripsy pulses produce a unique and consistent type of cavitation for tissue destruction. In this review, the action of histotripsy-induced bubbles is discussed. Sources of bubble nuclei are reviewed, and bubble activity over the course of single and multiple pulses is outlined. Recent innovations in terms of novel acoustic excitations, exogenous nuclei for targeted ablation and histotripsy-enhanced drug delivery and image guidance metrics are discussed. Finally, gaps in knowledge of the histotripsy process are highlighted, along with suggested means to expedite widespread clinical utilization of histotripsy.

Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Ablation; Bubbles; Cavitation; Focused ultrasound; Histotripsy

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