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Selene II, Jose JA, Khalil MJ, et al. Presentation Patterns, Diagnostic Markers, Management Strategies, and Outcomes of IgD Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Literature. Cureus. 2019;11(2):e4011doi: 10.7759/cureus.4011.
Selene, I. I., Jose, J. A., Khalil, M. J., Faisal, M. S., & Malik, M. N. (2019). Presentation Patterns, Diagnostic Markers, Management Strategies, and Outcomes of IgD Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Literature. Cureus, 11(2), e4011. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.4011
Selene, Insija I, et al. "Presentation Patterns, Diagnostic Markers, Management Strategies, and Outcomes of IgD Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Literature." Cureus vol. 11,2 (2019): e4011. doi: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.4011
Selene II, Jose JA, Khalil MJ, Faisal MS, Malik MN. Presentation Patterns, Diagnostic Markers, Management Strategies, and Outcomes of IgD Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Literature. Cureus. 2019 Feb 04;11(2):e4011. doi: 10.7759/cureus.4011. PMID: 31001465; PMCID: PMC6450588.
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Cureus. 2019 Feb 04;11(2):e4011. doi: 10.7759/cureus.4011.

Presentation Patterns, Diagnostic Markers, Management Strategies, and Outcomes of IgD Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Literature.

Cureus

Insija I Selene, Jemin Aby Jose, Muhammad J Khalil, Muhammad Salman Faisal, Mustafa N Malik

Affiliations

  1. Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
  2. Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson , USA.
  3. Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, USA.

PMID: 31001465 PMCID: PMC6450588 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4011

Abstract

Immunoglobulin (Ig) D multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare subtype of MM comprising 2% of all the cases. Malignant plasma cell invasion leads to signs and symptoms similar to other subtypes of MM. The synthesis rate of IgD is lower in IgD MM patients, making it very difficult to diagnose compared to other subtypes. As there is no available diagnostic test with 100% accuracy, the diagnosis of IgD MM is based on multiple factors. Recent advances in the treatment have resulted in a better overall survival for IgD MM patients. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the data on presentation patterns, diagnosis modalities, management strategies, and outcomes in patients with IgD MM.

Keywords: bortezomib; igd multiple myeloma; n-glycan biomarker; overall survival

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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