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J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2020 Dec;41(4):269-284. doi: 10.1007/s10974-019-09555-5. Epub 2019 Sep 28.

Influence of microRNAs and exosomes in muscle health and diseases.

Journal of muscle research and cell motility

Ngoc Thien Lam, Melanie Gartz, Leah Thomas, Margaret Haberman, Jennifer L Strande

Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
  2. Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
  3. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
  4. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. [email protected].
  5. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. [email protected].
  6. Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. [email protected].
  7. Medical College of Wisconsin, CVC/MEB 4679, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. [email protected].

PMID: 31564031 PMCID: PMC7101267 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09555-5

Abstract

microRNAs are short, (18-22 nt) non-coding RNAs involved in important cellular processes due to their ability to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Exosomes are small (50-200 nm) extracellular vesicles, naturally secreted from a variety of living cells and are believed to mediate cell-cell communication through multiple mechanisms, including uptake in destination cells. Circulating microRNAs and exosome-derived microRNAs can have key roles in regulating muscle cell development and differentiation. Several microRNAs are highly expressed in muscle and their regulation is important for myocyte homeostasis. Changes in muscle associated microRNA expression are associated with muscular diseases including muscular dystrophies, inflammatory myopathies, and congenital myopathies. In this review, we aim to highlight the biology of microRNAs and exosomes as well as their roles in muscle health and diseases. We also discuss the potential crosstalk between skeletal and cardiac muscle through exosomes and their contents.

Keywords: Cardiac muscle; Exosomes; Neuromuscular disease; Skeletal muscle; microRNAs

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