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Neurobiol Pain. 2019 Dec 04;7:100040. doi: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2019.100040. eCollection 2020.

EPAC1 and EPAC2 promote nociceptor hyperactivity associated with chronic pain after spinal cord injury.

Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)

Samantha C Berkey, Juan J Herrera, Max A Odem, Simran Rahman, Sai S Cheruvu, Xiaodong Cheng, Edgar T Walters, Carmen W Dessauer, Alexis G Bavencoffe

Affiliations

  1. Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
  2. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX 77030, United States.

PMID: 31890991 PMCID: PMC6926371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2019.100040

Abstract

Chronic pain following spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with electrical hyperactivity (spontaneous and evoked) in primary nociceptors. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling is an important contributor to nociceptor excitability, and knockdown of the cAMP effector, exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC), has been shown to relieve pain-like responses in several chronic pain models. To examine potentially distinct roles of each EPAC isoform (EPAC1 and 2) in maintaining chronic pain, we used rat and mouse models of contusive spinal cord injury (SCI). Pharmacological inhibition of EPAC1 or 2 in a rat SCI model was sufficient to reverse SCI-induced nociceptor hyperactivity, indicating that EPAC1 and 2 signaling activity are complementary, with both required to maintain hyperactivity. However, EPAC activation was not sufficient to induce similar hyperactivity in nociceptors from naïve rats, and we observed no change in EPAC protein expression after SCI. In the mouse SCI model, inhibition of both EPAC isoforms through a combination of pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion was required to reverse SCI-induced nociceptor hyperactivity. This was consistent with our finding that neither EPAC1

© 2019 The Authors.

Keywords: Depolarizing spontaneous fluctuations; Hyperalgesia; Hyperexcitability; Neuropathic pain; Spontaneous activity; cAMP signaling

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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