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Autophagy. 2021 May;17(5):1065-1076. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1752511. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Sex differences in autophagy-mediated diseases: toward precision medicine.

Autophagy

Dangtong Shang, Lingling Wang, Daniel J Klionsky, Hanhua Cheng, Rongjia Zhou

Affiliations

  1. Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan, China.
  2. Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
  3. Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

PMID: 32264724 PMCID: PMC8143224 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1752511

Abstract

Nearly all diseases in humans, to a certain extent, exhibit sex differences, including differences in the onset, progression, prevention, therapy, and prognosis of diseases. Accumulating evidence shows that macroautophagy/autophagy, as a mechanism for development, differentiation, survival, and homeostasis, is involved in numerous aspects of sex differences in diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular diseases. Advances in our knowledge regarding sex differences in autophagy-mediated diseases have enabled an understanding of their roles in human diseases, although the underlying molecular mechanisms of sex differences in autophagy remain largely unexplored. In this review, we discuss current advances in our insight into the biology of sex differences in autophagy and disease, information that will facilitate precision medicine.

Keywords: Autophagy; disease; health; precision medicine; sex

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