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Markus I, Constantini K, Hoffman JR, et al. Exercise-induced muscle damage: mechanism, assessment and nutritional factors to accelerate recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021;121(4):969-992doi: 10.1007/s00421-020-04566-4.
Markus, I., Constantini, K., Hoffman, J. R., Bartolomei, S., & Gepner, Y. (2021). Exercise-induced muscle damage: mechanism, assessment and nutritional factors to accelerate recovery. European journal of applied physiology, 121(4), 969-992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04566-4
Markus, I, et al. "Exercise-induced muscle damage: mechanism, assessment and nutritional factors to accelerate recovery." European journal of applied physiology vol. 121,4 (2021): 969-992. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04566-4
Markus I, Constantini K, Hoffman JR, Bartolomei S, Gepner Y. Exercise-induced muscle damage: mechanism, assessment and nutritional factors to accelerate recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021 Apr;121(4):969-992. doi: 10.1007/s00421-020-04566-4. Epub 2021 Jan 08. PMID: 33420603.
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Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021 Apr;121(4):969-992. doi: 10.1007/s00421-020-04566-4. Epub 2021 Jan 08.

Exercise-induced muscle damage: mechanism, assessment and nutritional factors to accelerate recovery.

European journal of applied physiology

I Markus, K Constantini, J R Hoffman, S Bartolomei, Yftach Gepner

Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
  2. Department of Physical Therapy, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
  3. Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
  4. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. [email protected].

PMID: 33420603 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04566-4

Abstract

There have been a multitude of reviews written on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and recovery. EIMD is a complex area of study as there are a host of factors such as sex, age, nutrition, fitness level, genetics and familiarity with exercise task, which influence the magnitude of performance decrement and the time course of recovery following EIMD. In addition, many reviews on recovery from exercise have ranged from the impact of nutritional strategies and recovery modalities, to complex mechanistic examination of various immune and endocrine signaling molecules. No one review can adequately address this broad array of study. Thus, in this present review, we aim to examine EIMD emanating from both endurance exercise and resistance exercise training in recreational and competitive athletes and shed light on nutritional strategies that can enhance and accelerate recovery following EIMD. In addition, the evaluation of EIMD and recovery from exercise is often complicated and conclusions often depend of the specific mode of assessment. As such, the focus of this review is also directed at the available techniques used to assess EIMD.

Keywords: Endurance; Exercise; Inflammation; Muscle damage; Nutrition; Strength

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