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Biomedicines. 2021 May 06;9(5). doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9050519.

NOD1-Targeted Immunonutrition Approaches: On the Way from Disease to Health.

Biomedicines

Victoria Fernández-García, Silvia González-Ramos, Paloma Martín-Sanz, José M Laparra, Lisardo Boscá

Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
  2. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
  3. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
  4. Madrid Institute for Advanced studies in Food (IMDEA Food), Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 34066406 PMCID: PMC8148154 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050519

Abstract

Immunonutrition appears as a field with great potential in modern medicine. Since the immune system can trigger serious pathophysiological disorders, it is essential to study and implement a type of nutrition aimed at improving immune system functioning and reinforcing it individually for each patient. In this sense, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1 (NOD1), one of the members of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) family of innate immunity, has been related to numerous pathologies, such as cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases. NOD1, which is activated by bacterial-derived peptidoglycans, is known to be present in immune cells and to contribute to inflammation and other important pathways, such as fibrosis, upon recognition of its ligands. Since immunonutrition is a significant developing research area with much to discover, we propose NOD1 as a possible target to consider in this field. It is relevant to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that modulate the immune system and involve the activation of NOD1 in the context of immunonutrition and associated pathological conditions. Surgical or pharmacological treatments could clearly benefit from the synergy with specific and personalized nutrition that even considers the health status of each subject.

Keywords: NOD1; cancer; exercise; immunonutrition; lipids; microbiota; personalized medicine

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