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Zenobia C, Herpoldt KL, Freire M. Is the oral microbiome a source to enhance mucosal immunity against infectious diseases?. NPJ Vaccines. 2021;6(1):80doi: 10.1038/s41541-021-00341-4.
Zenobia, C., Herpoldt, K. L., & Freire, M. (2021). Is the oral microbiome a source to enhance mucosal immunity against infectious diseases?. NPJ vaccines, 6(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00341-4
Zenobia, Camille, et al. "Is the oral microbiome a source to enhance mucosal immunity against infectious diseases?." NPJ vaccines vol. 6,1 (2021): 80. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00341-4
Zenobia C, Herpoldt KL, Freire M. Is the oral microbiome a source to enhance mucosal immunity against infectious diseases?. NPJ Vaccines. 2021 Jun 02;6(1):80. doi: 10.1038/s41541-021-00341-4. PMID: 34078913; PMCID: PMC8172910.
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NPJ Vaccines. 2021 Jun 02;6(1):80. doi: 10.1038/s41541-021-00341-4.

Is the oral microbiome a source to enhance mucosal immunity against infectious diseases?.

NPJ vaccines

Camille Zenobia, Karla-Luise Herpoldt, Marcelo Freire

Affiliations

  1. Medical Affairs, Syneos Health, Summit, NJ, USA.
  2. Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
  3. Departments of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. [email protected].
  4. Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. [email protected].

PMID: 34078913 PMCID: PMC8172910 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00341-4

Abstract

Mucosal tissues act as a barrier throughout the oral, nasopharyngeal, lung, and intestinal systems, offering first-line protection against potential pathogens. Conventionally, vaccines are applied parenterally to induce serotype-dependent humoral response but fail to drive adequate mucosal immune protection for viral infections such as influenza, HIV, and coronaviruses. Oral mucosa, however, provides a vast immune repertoire against specific microbial pathogens and yet is shaped by an ever-present microbiome community that has co-evolved with the host over thousands of years. Adjuvants targeting mucosal T-cells abundant in oral tissues can promote soluble-IgA (sIgA)-specific protection to confer increased vaccine efficacy. Th17 cells, for example, are at the center of cell-mediated immunity and evidence demonstrates that protection against heterologous pathogen serotypes is achieved with components from the oral microbiome. At the point of entry where pathogens are first encountered, typically the oral or nasal cavity, the mucosal surfaces are layered with bacterial cohabitants that continually shape the host immune profile. Constituents of the oral microbiome including their lipids, outer membrane vesicles, and specific proteins, have been found to modulate the Th17 response in the oral mucosa, playing important roles in vaccine and adjuvant designs. Currently, there are no approved adjuvants for the induction of Th17 protection, and it is critical that this research is included in the preparedness for the current and future pandemics. Here, we discuss the potential of oral commensals, and molecules derived thereof, to induce Th17 activity and provide safer and more predictable options in adjuvant engineering to prevent emerging infectious diseases.

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