Display options
Cite
Kuo SI, Salvatore JE, Barr PB, et al. Mapping Pathways by Which Genetic Risk Influences Adolescent Externalizing Behavior: The Interplay Between Externalizing Polygenic Risk Scores, Parental Knowledge, and Peer Substance Use. Behav Genet. 2021;51(5):543-558doi: 10.1007/s10519-021-10067-7.
Kuo, S. I., Salvatore, J. E., Barr, P. B., Aliev, F., Anokhin, A., Bucholz, K. K., Chan, G., Edenberg, H. J., Hesselbrock, V., Kamarajan, C., Kramer, J. R., Lai, D., Mallard, T. T., Nurnberger, J. I., Pandey, G., Plawecki, M. H., Sanchez-Roige, S., Waldman, I., Palmer, A. A., & Dick, D. M. (2021). Mapping Pathways by Which Genetic Risk Influences Adolescent Externalizing Behavior: The Interplay Between Externalizing Polygenic Risk Scores, Parental Knowledge, and Peer Substance Use. Behavior genetics, 51(5), 543-558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-021-10067-7
Kuo, Sally I-Chun, et al. "Mapping Pathways by Which Genetic Risk Influences Adolescent Externalizing Behavior: The Interplay Between Externalizing Polygenic Risk Scores, Parental Knowledge, and Peer Substance Use." Behavior genetics vol. 51,5 (2021): 543-558. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-021-10067-7
Kuo SI, Salvatore JE, Barr PB, Aliev F, Anokhin A, Bucholz KK, Chan G, Edenberg HJ, Hesselbrock V, Kamarajan C, Kramer JR, Lai D, Mallard TT, Nurnberger JI, Pandey G, Plawecki MH, Sanchez-Roige S, Waldman I, Palmer AA, Dick DM. Mapping Pathways by Which Genetic Risk Influences Adolescent Externalizing Behavior: The Interplay Between Externalizing Polygenic Risk Scores, Parental Knowledge, and Peer Substance Use. Behav Genet. 2021 Sep;51(5):543-558. doi: 10.1007/s10519-021-10067-7. Epub 2021 Jun 12. PMID: 34117972; PMCID: PMC8403154.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Behav Genet. 2021 Sep;51(5):543-558. doi: 10.1007/s10519-021-10067-7. Epub 2021 Jun 12.

Mapping Pathways by Which Genetic Risk Influences Adolescent Externalizing Behavior: The Interplay Between Externalizing Polygenic Risk Scores, Parental Knowledge, and Peer Substance Use.

Behavior genetics

Sally I-Chun Kuo, Jessica E Salvatore, Peter B Barr, Fazil Aliev, Andrey Anokhin, Kathleen K Bucholz, Grace Chan, Howard J Edenberg, Victor Hesselbrock, Chella Kamarajan, John R Kramer, Dongbing Lai, Travis T Mallard, John I Nurnberger, Gayathri Pandey, Martin H Plawecki, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Irwin Waldman, Abraham A Palmer, Danielle M Dick

Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, 806 W Franklin St, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA. [email protected].
  2. Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, 806 W Franklin St, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
  3. Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
  4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
  5. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
  6. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
  7. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
  8. Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
  9. Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
  10. Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
  11. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
  12. Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
  13. Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  14. Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
  15. Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.

PMID: 34117972 PMCID: PMC8403154 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10067-7

Abstract

Genetic predispositions and environmental influences both play an important role in adolescent externalizing behavior; however, they are not always independent. To elucidate gene-environment interplay, we examined the interrelationships between externalizing polygenic risk scores, parental knowledge, and peer substance use in impacting adolescent externalizing behavior across two time-points in a high-risk longitudinal sample of 1,200 adolescents (764 European and 436 African ancestry; M

© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Keywords: Adolescent externalizing; Gene–environment interplay; Parenting; Peers; Polygenic score

References

  1. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC - PubMed
  2. Avinun R, Knafo A (2014) Parenting as a reaction evoked by children’s genotype: a meta-analysis of children-as-twins studies. Personal Social Psychol Rev 18(1):87–102 - PubMed
  3. Barr PB, Dick DM (2020) The genetics of externalizing problems. In: de Wit H, Jentsch JD (eds) Recent advances in research on impulsivity and impulsive behaviors. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 93–112 - PubMed
  4. Bauman KE, Ennett ST (1996) On the importance of peer influence for adolescent drug use: commonly neglected considerations. Addiction 91(2):185–198 - PubMed
  5. Baurley JW, Edlund CK, Pardamean CI, Conti DV, Bergen AW (2016) Smokescreen: a targeted genotyping array for addiction research. BMC Genom 17(1):145 - PubMed
  6. Beaver KM, Wright JP (2007) A child effects explanation for the association between family risk and involvement in an antisocial lifestyle. J Adolesc Res 22(6):640–664 - PubMed
  7. Begleiter H, Reich T, Hesselbrock V, Porjesz B, Li T-K, Schuckit MA, Edenberg HJ, Rice JP (1995) The collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism. Alcohol Health Res World 19:228–236 - PubMed
  8. Berg-Nielsen TS, Vikan A, Dahl AA (2002) Parenting related to child and parental psychopathology: a descriptive review of the literature. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 7(4):529–552 - PubMed
  9. Bogdan R, Baranger DAA, Agrawal A (2018) Polygenic risk scores in clinical psychology: bridging genomic risk to individual differences. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 14(1):119–157 - PubMed
  10. Bongers IL, Koot HM, van der Ende J, Verhulst FC (2007) Predicting young adult social functioning from developmental trajectories of externalizing behaviour. Psychol Med 38(7):989–999 - PubMed
  11. Bos MGN, Wierenga LM, Blankenstein NE, Schreuders E, Tamnes CK, Crone EA (2018) Longitudinal structural brain development and externalizing behavior in adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 59(10):1061–1072 - PubMed
  12. Bucholz KK, Cadoret R, Cloninger CR, Dinwiddie SH, Hesselbrock VM, Nurnberger JI, Reich T, Schmidt I, Schuckit MA (1994) A new, semi-structured psychiatric interview for use in genetic linkage studies: a report on the reliability of the SSAGA. J Stud Alcohol 55(2):149–158 - PubMed
  13. Bucholz KK, McCutcheon VV, Agrawal A, Dick DM, Hesselbrock VM, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Nurnberger JI Jr, Salvatore JE, Schuckit MA, Bierut LJ, Foroud TM, Chan G, Hesselbrock M, Meyers JL, Edenberg HJ, Porjesz B (2017) Comparison of parent, peer, psychiatric, and cannabis use influences across stages of offspring alcohol involvement: evidence from the COGA prospective study. Alcoholism 41(2):359–368 - PubMed
  14. Burt SA, McGue M, Krueger RF, Iacono WG (2005) How are parent–child conflict and childhood externalizing symptoms related over time? Results from a genetically informative cross-lagged study. Dev Psychopathol 17(1):145–165 - PubMed
  15. Button TMM, Lau JYF, Maughan B, Eley TC (2008) Parental punitive discipline, negative life events and gene–environment interplay in the development of externalizing behavior. Psychol Med 38(1):29–39 - PubMed
  16. Campbell MC, Tishkoff SA (2008) African genetic diversity: implications for human demographic history, modern human origins, and complex disease mapping. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 9(1):403–433 - PubMed
  17. Cardon LR, Palmer LJ (2003) Population stratification and spurious allelic association. Lancet 361(9357):598–604 - PubMed
  18. Causadias JM, Korous KM (2018) How are genes related to culture? Introduction to the field of cultural genomics. In: Causadias JM, Telzer EH, Gonzales NA (eds) The handbook of culture and biology. Wiley, New York, pp 153–177 - PubMed
  19. Chassin L, Pillow DR, Curran PJ, Molina BSG, Barrera M Jr (1993) Relation of parental alcoholism to early adolescent substance use: A test of three mediating mechanisms. J Abnorm Psychol 102(1):3–19 - PubMed
  20. Cummings ME, Keller PS, Davies PT (2005) Towards a family process model of maternal and paternal depressive symptoms: exploring multiple relations with child and family functioning. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 46(5):479–489 - PubMed
  21. Dick DM, Kendler KS (2012) The impact of gene–environment interaction on alcohol use disorders. Alcohol Res 34(3):318–324 - PubMed
  22. Dick DM, Agrawal A, Keller MC, Adkins A, Aliev F, Monroe S, Hewitt JK, Kendler KS, Sher KJ (2015) Candidate gene–environment interaction research: reflections and recommendations. Perspect Psychol Sci 10(1):37–59 - PubMed
  23. Dishion TJ (2000) Cross-setting consistency in early adolescent psychopathology: deviant friendships and problem behavior sequelae. J Pers 68(6):1109–1126 - PubMed
  24. Dodge KA, Malone PS, Lansford JE, Miller S, Pettit GS, Bates JE (2009) A dynamic cascade model of the development of substance-use onset. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 74(3):vii–119 - PubMed
  25. Elam KK, Chassin L, Lemery-Chalfant K, Pandika D, Wang FL, Bountress K, Dick D, Agrawal A (2017) Affiliation with substance-using peers: examining gene–environment correlations among parent monitoring, polygenic risk, and children’s impulsivity. Dev Psychobiol 59(5):561–573 - PubMed
  26. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder EM (2007) Conduct and attentional problems in childhood and adolescence and later substance use, abuse and dependence: Results of a 25-year longitudinal study. Drug Alcohol Depend 88S:14–26 - PubMed
  27. Finan LJ, Schulz J, Gordon MS, Ohannessian CM (2015) Parental problem drinking and adolescent externalizing behaviors: the mediating role of family functioning. J Adolesc 43:100–110 - PubMed
  28. Fowler T, Shelton K, Lifford K, Rice F, McBride A, Nikolov I, Neale MC, Harold G, Thapar A, Van Den Bree MBM (2007) Genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between peer alcohol use and own alcohol use in adolescents. Addiction 102(6):894–903 - PubMed
  29. Ge T, Chen C-Y, Ni Y, Feng Y-CA, Smoller JW (2019) Polygenic prediction via Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors. Nat Commun 10(1):1776 - PubMed
  30. Harden KP, Hill JE, Turkheimer E, Emery RE (2008) Gene–environment correlation and interaction in peer effects on adolescent alcohol and tobacco use. Behav Genet 38(4):339–347 - PubMed
  31. Hawkins JD, Catalano RF, Miller JY (1992) Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychol Bull 112(1):64–105 - PubMed
  32. Hesselbrock M, Easton C, Bucholz KK, Schuckit M, Hesselbrock V (1999) A validity study of the SSAGA-a comparison with the SCAN. Addiction 94(9):1361–1370 - PubMed
  33. Hill NE, Bromell L, Tyson DF, Flint R (2007) Developmental commentary: ecological perspectives on parental influences during adolescence. J Clin Child Adoles Psychol 36(3):367–377 - PubMed
  34. Jaffee SR, Price TS (2007) Gene–environment correlations: a review of the evidence and implications for prevention of mental illness. Mol Psychiatry 12(5):432–442 - PubMed
  35. Kaprio J, Pulkkinen L, Rose RJ (2002) Genetic and environmental factors in health-related behaviors: studies on finnish twins and twin families. Twin Res 5(5):366–371 - PubMed
  36. Karlsson Linnér R, Biroli P, Kong E, Meddens SFW, Wedow R, Fontana MA, Lebreton M,Tino SP, Abdellaoui A, Hammerschlag AR, Nivard MG, Okbay A, Rietveld CA, Timshel PN,Trzaskowski M, Vlaming Rd, Zünd CL, Bao Y, Buzdugan L, Caplin AH, Chen C-Y, Eibich P, Fontanillas P, Gonzalez JR, Joshi PK, Karhunen V, Kleinman A, Levin RZ, Lill CM,Meddens GA, Muntané G, Sanchez-Roige S, Rooij FJv, Taskesen E, Wu Y, Zhang F, Agee M, Alipanahi B, Bell RK, Bryc K, Elson SL, Furlotte NA, Huber KE, Litterman NK, McCreight JC, McIntyre MH, Mountain JL, Northover CAM, Pitts SJ, Sathirapongsasuti JF, Sazonova OV, Shelton JF, Shringarpure S, Tian C, Tung JY, Vacic V, Wilson CH, Agbessi M, Ahsan H, Alves I, Andiappan A, Awadalla P, Battle A, Beutner F, Jan Bonder M, Boomsma DI,Christiansen M, Claringbould A, Deelen P, Esko T, Favé M-J, Franke L, Frayling T,Gharib SA, Gibson G, Heijmans B, Hemani G, Jansen R, Kähönen M, Kalnapenkis A, Kasela S, Kettunen J, Kim Y, Kirsten H, Kovacs P, Krohn K, Kronberg-Guzman J, Kukushkina V, Kutalik Z, Lee B, Lehtimäki T, Loeffler M, Marigorta UM, Metspalu A, Milani L,Montgomery GW, Müller-Nurasyid M, Nauck M, Nivard MG, Penninx B, Perola M, Pervjakova N, Pierce B, Powell J, Prokisch H, Psaty BM, Raitakari O, Ring S, Ripatti S, Rotzchke O, Rüeger S, Saha A, Scholz M, Schramm K, Seppälä I, Stumvoll M, Sullivan P, Hoen P-Bt, Teumer A, Thiery J, Tong L, Tönjes A, Dongen Jv, Meurs Jv, Verlouw J, Visscher PM, Völker U, Võsa U, Westra H-J, Yaghootkar H, Yang J, Zeng B, Zhang F, Okbay A,Beauchamp JP, Fontana MA, Lee JJ, Pers TH, Rietveld CA, Turley P, Chen G-B, Emilsson V, Meddens SFW, Oskarsson S, Pickrell JK, Thom K, Timshel P, de Vlaming R, Abdellaoui A, Ahluwalia TS, Bacelis J, Baumbach C, Bjornsdottir G, Brandsma JH, Concas MP, Derringer J, Furlotte NA, Galesloot TE, Girotto G, Gupta R, Hall LM, Harris SE, Hofer E, Horikoshi M, Huffman JE, Kaasik K, Kalafati IP, Karlsson R, Kong A, Lahti J, Lee SJvd, de Leeuw C, Lind PA, Lindgren K-O, Liu T, Mangino M, Marten J, Mihailov E, Miller MB, Most PJvd, Oldmeadow C, Payton A, Pervjakova N, Peyrot WJ, Qian Y, Raitakari O, Rueedi R, Salvi E, Schmidt B, Schraut KE, Shi J, Smith AV, Poot RA, Pourcain BS, Teumer A,Thorleifsson G, Verweij N, Vuckovic D, Wellmann J, Westra H-J, Yang J, Zhao W, Zhu Z, Alizadeh BZ, Amin N, Bakshi A, Baumeister SE, Biino G, Bønnelykke K, Boyle PA,Campbell H, Cappuccio FP, Davies G, De Neve J-E, Deloukas P, Demuth I, Ding J, Eibich P, Eisele L, Eklund N, Evans DM, Faul JD, Feitosa MF, Forstner AJ, Gandin I, Gunnarsson B, Halldórsson BV, Harris TB, Heath AC, Hocking LJ, Holliday EG, Homuth G, Horan MA,Hottenga J-J, de Jager PL, Joshi PK, Jugessur A, Kaakinen MA, Kähönen M, Kanoni S,Keltigangas-Järvinen L, Kiemeney LALM, Kolcic I, Koskinen S, Kraja AT, Kroh M, Kutalik Z, Latvala A, Launer LJ, Lebreton MP, Levinson DF, Lichtenstein P, Lichtner P, Liewald DCM, Loukola A, Madden PA, Mägi R, Mäki-Opas T, Marioni RE, Marques-Vidal P, Meddens GA, McMahon G, Meisinger C, Meitinger T, Milaneschi Y, Milani L, Montgomery GW, Myhre R, Nelson CP, Nyholt DR, Ollier WER, Palotie A, Paternoster L, Pedersen NL, Petrovic KE, Porteous DJ, Räikkönen K, Ring SM, Robino A, Rostapshova O, Rudan I, Rustichini A, Salomaa V, Sanders AR, Sarin A-P, Schmidt H, Scott RJ, Smith BH, Smith JA, Staessen JA, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Strauch K, Terracciano A, Tobin MD, Ulivi S, Vaccargiu S, and Me Research T, e QC, International Cannabis C, Social Science Genetic Association C (2019) Genome-wide association analyses of risk tolerance and risky behaviors in over 1 million individuals identify hundreds of loci and shared genetic influences. Nat Genet 51(2):245–257 - PubMed
  37. Karlsson Linnér R, Mallard TT, Barr PB, Sanchez-Roige S, Madole JW, Driver MN, Poore HE, de Vlaming R, Grotzinger AD, Tielbeek JJ, Johnson EC, Liu M, Rosenthal SB, Ideker T, Zhou H, Kember RL, Pasman JA, Verweij KJH, Liu DJ, Vrieze S, Collaborators COGA, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J, Harris KM, Tucker-Drob EM, Waldman I, Palmer AA, Harden KP, Koellinger PD, Dick DM (in press) Multivariate genomic analysis of 1.5 million people identifies genes related to addiction, antisocial behavior, and health. Nat Neurosci - PubMed
  38. Kendler KS, Baker JH (2007) Genetic influences on measures of the environment: a systematic review. Psychol Med 37(5):615–626 - PubMed
  39. Kendler KS, Prescott CA, Myers J, Neale MC (2003) The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for common psychiatric and substance use disorders in men and women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60(9):929–937 - PubMed
  40. Kerr M, Stattin H (2003) Parenting of adolescents: Action or reaction? In: Crouter AC, Booth A (eds) Children’s influence on family dynamics. Erlbaum, Mahwah, pp 121–151 - PubMed
  41. Kerr M, Stattin H, Pakalniskiene V (2008) Parents react to adolescent problem behaviors by worrying more and monitoring less. In: What can parents do? pp 89–112 - PubMed
  42. Kerr M, Stattin H, Burk WJ (2010) A reinterpretation of parental monitoring in longitudinal perspective. J Res Adoles 20(1):39–64 - PubMed
  43. Klahr AM, Burt SA (2014) Elucidating the etiology of individual differences in parenting: a meta-analysis of behavioral genetic research. Psychol Bull 140(2):544–586 - PubMed
  44. Kong A, Thorleifsson G, Frigge ML, Vilhjalmsson BJ, Young AI, Thorgeirsson TE, Benonisdottir S, Oddsson A, Halldorsson BV, Masson G, Gudbjartsson DF, Helgason A, Bjornsdottir G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K (2018) The nature of nurture: effects of parental genotypes. Science 359(6374):424 - PubMed
  45. Krueger RF, Hicks BM, Patrick CJ, Carlson SR, Iacono WG, McGue M (2002) Etiologic connections among substance dependence, antisocial behavior and personality: modeling the externalizing spectrum. J Abnorm Psychol 111(3):411–424 - PubMed
  46. Kuperman S, Chan G, Kramer JR, Wetherill L, Bucholz KK, Dick D, Hesselbrock V, Porjesz B, Rangaswamy M, Schuckit M (2013) A model to determine the likely age of an adolescent’s first drink of alcohol. Pediatrics 131(2):242 - PubMed
  47. Lac A, Crano WD (2009) Monitoring matters: meta-analytic review reveals the reliable linkage of parental monitoring with adolescent marijuana use. Perspect Psychol Sci 4(6):578–586 - PubMed
  48. Lai D, Wetherill L, Bertelsen S, Carey CE, Kamarajan C, Kapoor M, Meyers JL, Anokhin AP, Bennett DA, Bucholz KK, Chang KK, De Jager PL, Dick DM, Hesselbrock V, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Nurnberger JI, Raj T, Schuckit M, Scott DM (2019) Genome-wide association studies of alcohol dependence, DSM-IV criterion count and individual criteria. Genes Brain Behav 18(6):e12579 - PubMed
  49. Larson RW, Richards MH, Moneta G, Holmbeck G, Duckett E (1996) Changes in adolescents’ daily interactions with their families from ages 10 to 18: Disengagement and transformation. Dev Psychol 32(4):744–754 - PubMed
  50. Liang Y, Pividori M, Manichaikul A, Palmer AA, Cox NJ, Wheeler H, Im HK (2020) Polygenic transcriptome risk scores improve portability of polygenic risk scores across ancestries. bioRxiv 2020.2011.2012.373647 - PubMed
  51. Liu M, Jiang Y, Wedow R, Li Y, Brazel DM, Chen F, Datta G, Davila-Velderrain J, McGuire D, Tian C, Zhan X, Agee M, Alipanahi B, Auton A, Bell RK, Bryc K, Elson SL, Fontanillas P, Furlotte NA, Hinds DA, Hromatka BS, Huber KE, Kleinman A, Litterman NK, McIntyre MH, Mountain JL, Northover CAM, Sathirapongsasuti JF, Sazonova OV, Shelton JF, Shringarpure S, Tian C, Tung JY, Vacic V, Wilson CH, Pitts SJ, Mitchell A, Skogholt AH, Winsvold BS, Sivertsen B, Stordal E, Morken G, Kallestad H, Heuch I, Zwart J-A, Fjukstad KK,Pedersen LM, Gabrielsen ME, Johnsen MB, Skrove M, Indredavik MS, Drange OK, Bjerkeset O, Børte S, Stensland SØ, Choquet H, Docherty AR, Faul JD, Foerster JR, Fritsche LG,Gabrielsen ME, Gordon SD, Haessler J, Hottenga J-J, Huang H, Jang S-K, Jansen PR,Ling Y, Mägi R, Matoba N, McMahon G, Mulas A, Orrù V, Palviainen T, Pandit A, Reginsson GW, Skogholt AH, Smith JA, Taylor AE, Turman C, Willemsen G, Young H, Young KA, Zajac GJM, Zhao W, Zhou W, Bjornsdottir G, Boardman JD, Boehnke M, Boomsma DI, Chen C, Cucca F, Davies GE, Eaton CB, Ehringer MA, Esko T, Fiorillo E, Gillespie NA, Gudbjartsson DF, Haller T, Harris KM, Heath AC, Hewitt JK, Hickie IB, Hokanson JE, Hopfer CJ, Hunter DJ, Iacono WG, Johnson EO, Kamatani Y, Kardia SLR, Keller MC, Kellis M, Kooperberg C, Kraft P, Krauter KS, Laakso M, Lind PA, Loukola A, Lutz SM, Madden PAF, Martin NG, McGue M, McQueen MB, Medland SE, Metspalu A, Mohlke KL, Nielsen JB, Okada Y, Peters U, Polderman TJC, Posthuma D, Reiner AP, Rice JP, Rimm E, Rose RJ, Runarsdottir V,Stallings MC, Stančáková A, Stefansson H, Thai KK, Tindle HA, Tyrfingsson T, Wall TL, Weir DR, Weisner C, Whitfield JB, Winsvold BS, Yin J, Zuccolo L, Bierut LJ, Hveem K, Lee JJ, Munafò MR, Saccone NL, Willer CJ, Cornelis MC, David SP, Hinds DA, Jorgenson E, Kaprio J, Stitzel JA, Stefansson K, Thorgeirsson TE, Abecasis G, Liu DJ, Vrieze S, andMe Research T, Psychiatry HA-I (2019) Association studies of up to 1.2 million individuals yield new insights into the genetic etiology of tobacco and alcohol use. Nat Genet 51(2):237–244 - PubMed
  52. Lopez-Tamayo R, LaVome Robinson W, Lambert SF, Jason LA, Ialongo NS (2016) Parental monitoring, association with externalized behavior, and academic outcomes in urban African-American youth: a moderated mediation analysis. Am J Community Psychol 57(3/4):366–379 - PubMed
  53. Mann FD, Patterson MW, Grotzinger AD, Kretsch N, Tackett JL, Tucker-Drob EM, Harden KP (2016) Sensation seeking, peer deviance, and genetic influences on adolescent delinquency: evidence for person-environment correlation and interaction. J Abnorm Psychol 125(5):679–691 - PubMed
  54. Marceau K, Narusyte J, Lichtenstein P, Ganiban JM, Spotts EL, Reiss D, Neiderhiser JM (2015) Parental knowledge is an environmental influence on adolescent externalizing. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 56(2):130–137 - PubMed
  55. Márquez-Luna C, Loh P-R, South Asian Type 2 Diabetes C, The STDC, Price AL (2017) Multiethnic polygenic risk scores improve risk prediction in diverse populations. Genet Epidemiol 41(8):811–823 - PubMed
  56. Martin AR, Kanai M, Kamatani Y, Okada Y, Neale BM, Daly MJ (2019) Clinical use of current polygenic risk scores may exacerbate health disparities. Nat Genet 51(4):584–591 - PubMed
  57. Martin AR, Gignoux CR, Walters RK, Wojcik GL, Neale BM, Gravel S, Daly MJ, Bustamante CD, Kenny EE (2017) Human demographic history impacts genetic risk prediction across diverse populations. Am J Human Genet 100(4):635–649 - PubMed
  58. Mason CA, Cauce AM, Gonzales N, Hiraga Y, Grove K (1994) An ecological model of externalizing behaviors in African-American adolescents: no family is an Island. J Res Adolesc (Lawrence Erlbaum) 4(4):639–655 - PubMed
  59. Masten AS, Roisman GI, Long JD, Burt KB, Obradović J, Riley JR, Boelcke-Stennes K, Tellegen A (2005) Developmental cascades: linking academic achievement and externalizing and internalizing symptoms over 20 years. Dev Psychol 41(5):733–746 - PubMed
  60. McLaughlin KA, Hilt LM, Nolen-Hoeksema S (2007) Racial/ethnic differences in internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol 35(5):801–816 - PubMed
  61. Muthén K, Muthén BO (1998–2012) Mplus user’s guide (7th ed.). Authors, Los Angeles, CA - PubMed
  62. Narusyte J, Neiderhiser JM, Andershed A-K, D’Onofrio BM, Reiss D, Spotts E, Ganiban J, Lichtenstein P (2011) Parental criticism and externalizing behavior problems in adolescents: the role of environment and genotype–environment correlation. J Abnorm Psychol 120(2):365–376 - PubMed
  63. Narusyte J, Ropponen A, Alexanderson K, Svedberg P (2017) Internalizing and externalizing problems in childhood and adolescence as predictors of work incapacity in young adulthood. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 52(9):1159–1168 - PubMed
  64. Neiderhiser JM, Reiss D, Hetherington EM, Plomin R (1999) Relationships between parenting and adolescent adjustment over time: Genetic and environmental contributions. Dev Psychol 35(3):680–692 - PubMed
  65. Neiderhiser JM, Reiss D, Lichtenstein P, Spotts EL, Ganiban J (2007) Father-adolescent relationships and the role of genotype-environment correlation. J Fam Psychol 21(4):560–571 - PubMed
  66. Pardini DA (2008) Novel insights into longstanding theories of bidirectional parent–child influences: introduction to the special section. J Abnorm Child Psychol 36(5):627–631 - PubMed
  67. Pinquart M (2017) Associations of parenting dimensions and styles with externalizing problems of children and adolescents: an updated meta-analysis. Dev Psychol 53(5):873–932 - PubMed
  68. Plomin R, DeFries JC, Loehlin JC (1977) Genotype-environment interaction and correlation in the analysis of human behavior. Psychol Bull 84(2):309–322 - PubMed
  69. Popejoy AB, Fullerton SM (2016) Genomics is failing on diversity. Nature 538(7624):161–164 - PubMed
  70. Pratt TC, Cullen FT, Sellers CS, Thomas Winfree L, Madensen TD, Daigle LE, Fearn NE, Gau JM (2010) The empirical status of social learning theory: a meta-analysis. JQ 27(6):765–802 - PubMed
  71. Purcell SM, Wray NR, Stone JL, Visscher PM, O’Donovan MC, Sullivan PF, Sklar P (2009) Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Nature 460(7256):748–752 - PubMed
  72. Racz SJ, McMahon RJ (2011) The relationship between parental knowledge and monitoring and child and adolescent conduct problems: a 10-year update. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 14(4):377–398 - PubMed
  73. Reef J, Diamantopoulou S, van Meurs I, Verhulst FC, van der Ende J (2011) Developmental trajectories of child to adolescent externalizing behavior and adult DSM-IV disorder: results of a 24-year longitudinal study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 46(12):1233–1241 - PubMed
  74. Reich T, Edenberg HJ, Goate A, Williams JT, Rice JP, Van Eerdewegh P, Foroud T, Hesselbrock V, Schuckit MA, Bucholz K, Porjesz B, Li T-K, Conneally PM, Nurnberger JI Jr, Tischfield JA, Crowe RR, Cloninger CR, Wu W, Shears S, Carr K, Crose C, Willig C, Begleiter H (1998) Genome-wide search for genes affecting the risk for alcohol dependence. Am J Med Genet 81(3):207–215 - PubMed
  75. Rutter M, Silberg J (2002) Gene–environment interplay in relation to emotional and behavioral disturbance. Annu Rev Psychol 53(1):463 - PubMed
  76. Samek DR, Hicks BM, Keyes MA, Bailey J, McGue M, Iacono WG (2014) Gene–environment interplay between parent–child relationship problems and externalizing disorders in adolescence and young adulthood. Psychol Med 45(2):333–344 - PubMed
  77. Savage JE, Salvatore JE, Aliev F, Edwards AC, Hickman M, Kendler KS, Macleod J, Latvala A, Loukola A, Kaprio J, Rose RJ, Chan G, Hesselbrock V, Webb BT, Adkins A, Bigdeli TB, Riley BP, Dick DM (2018) Polygenic risk score prediction of alcohol dependence symptoms across population-based and clinically ascertained samples. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 42(3):520–530 - PubMed
  78. Scarr S, McCartney K (1983) How people make their own environments: a theory of genotype → environment effects. Child Dev 54(2):424–435 - PubMed
  79. Stattin H, Kerr M (2000) Parental monitoring: a reinterpretation. Child Dev 71(4):1072–1085 - PubMed
  80. Tarantino N, Tully EC, Garcia SE, South S, Iacono WG, McGue M (2014) Genetic and environmental influences on affiliation with deviant peers during adolescence and early adulthood. Dev Psychol 50(3):663–673 - PubMed
  81. TenEyck M, Barnes JC (2015) Examining the impact of peer group selection on self-reported delinquency: a consideration of active gene–environment correlation. Crim Just Behav 42(7):741–762 - PubMed
  82. Trudeau L, Mason WA, Randall GK, Spoth R, Ralston E (2012) Effects of parenting and deviant peers on early to mid-adolescent conduct problems. J Abnorm Child Psychol 40(8):1249–1264 - PubMed
  83. Tucker-Drob EM, Briley DA, Harden KP (2013) Genetic and environmental influences on cognition across development and context. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 22(5):349–355 - PubMed
  84. Wallace JJM, Muroff JR (2002) Preventing substance abuse among African American children and youth: race differences in risk factor exposure and vulnerability. J Prim Prev 22(3):235–261 - PubMed
  85. Wertz J, Nottingham K, Agnew-Blais J, Matthews T, Pariante CM, Moffitt TE, Arseneault L (2016) Parental monitoring and knowledge: Testing bidirectional associations with youths’ antisocial behavior. Dev Psychopathol 28(3):623–638 - PubMed
  86. Wertz J, Belsky J, Moffitt TE, Belsky DW, Harrington H, Avinun R, Poulton R, Ramrakha S, Caspi A (2019) Genetics of nurture: a test of the hypothesis that parents’ genetics predict their observed caregiving. Dev Psychol 55(7):1461–1472 - PubMed
  87. Xia C, Canela-Xandri O, Rawlik K, Tenesa A (2021) Evidence of horizontal indirect genetic effects in humans. Nat Human Behav 5:399–406 - PubMed
  88. Yap MBH, Cheong TWK, Zaravinos-Tsakos F, Lubman DI, Jorm AF (2017) Modifiable parenting factors associated with adolescent alcohol misuse: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Addiction 112(7):1142–1162 - PubMed
  89. Young SE, Stallings MC, Corley RP, Krauter KS, Hewitt JK (2000) Genetic and environmental influences on behavioral disinhibition. Am J Med Genet 96(5):684–695 - PubMed

Publication Types

Grant support