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E S, Srikanth MS, Shreyas A, et al. Recent advances, novel targets and treatments for cholelithiasis; a narrative review. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021;908:174376doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174376.
E, S., Srikanth, M. S., Shreyas, A., Desai, S., Mehdi, S., Gangadharappa, H. V., Suman, & Krishna, K. L. (2021). Recent advances, novel targets and treatments for cholelithiasis; a narrative review. European journal of pharmacology, 908174376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174376
E, Swarne, et al. "Recent advances, novel targets and treatments for cholelithiasis; a narrative review." European journal of pharmacology vol. 908 (2021): 174376. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174376
E S, Srikanth MS, Shreyas A, Desai S, Mehdi S, Gangadharappa HV, Suman, Krishna KL. Recent advances, novel targets and treatments for cholelithiasis; a narrative review. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021 Oct 05;908:174376. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174376. Epub 2021 Jul 22. PMID: 34303667.
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Eur J Pharmacol. 2021 Oct 05;908:174376. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174376. Epub 2021 Jul 22.

Recent advances, novel targets and treatments for cholelithiasis; a narrative review.

European journal of pharmacology

Swarne E, M S Srikanth, Ayachit Shreyas, Sneha Desai, Seema Mehdi, H V Gangadharappa, Suman, K L Krishna

Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India.
  2. Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India.
  3. Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India.
  4. Department of Dravya Guna, Government Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, New Sayyaji Rao Road, Mysuru, 570 001, India.
  5. Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: [email protected].

PMID: 34303667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174376

Abstract

Cholelithiasis is a common and frequent condition all over the world with a high prevalence rate in western countries. Individuals with cholesterol gallstone disease experience intense gastrointestinal symptoms and have a high risk of developing comorbidities like cholecystitis, Gall bladder (GB) cancer and pancreatitis. Multiple risk factors associated with cholesterol gallstones include but not limited to genetics, dietary habits, lifestyle changes, comorbid conditions and various drugs. These factors may lead to alteration in bile, cholesterol & phospholipids homeostasis in the GB, intestine and hepatocytes culminating in cholesterol gallstones formation. Surgical (cholecystectomy) and non-surgical (oral dissolution therapy) treatments are available for the disease, albeit with certain complications and high treatment cost. Thus, there is a need for interventions, complementary or alternative therapies for the treatment and prevention of cholesterol gallstones. Currently available drug therapies used for cholesterol gallstones include statins and ezetimibe. Many patients consider traditional herbal practitioners due to their promise of non-invasive and pain free management of gall stones. This present a positive shift towards generally acceptable safety and cost effectiveness of herbal treatment warranting extensive research for alternative or complementary choice such as herbal plants as an emerging area for their potential therapeutic effects. This review discusses current strategies, latest trends available in the disease pathogenesis, drug development for novel targets, risk management, newer anti-lithogenic drugs and herbal plants that target the different aspects of the disease.

Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Alternative medicines; Biomarkers; Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol gallstones; Herbs; Novel targets

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