Front Vet Sci. 2021 Oct 22;8:743498. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.743498. eCollection 2021.
Neoplasia and Proliferative Lesions of New World Camelids: A Systematic Literature Review and Retrospective Study of Cases Submitted to Colorado State University From 1995 to 2020.
Frontiers in veterinary science
Tawfik A Aboellail, Max Waugh, Alexandra Harvey, Jade Fisher, Allison C Vilander
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
- Antech Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, CA, United States.
PMID: 34746283
PMCID: PMC8569619 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.743498
Abstract
Camelid pathology submissions to veterinary diagnostic laboratories are on the rise given the increasing popularity and population of llamas and alpacas especially in the western United States. When compared to other animals, the field of camelid neoplasia has a relative paucity of cases reported in the literature. The Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories (CSU-VDL) has had a steady increase in the numbers of camelid pathology submissions allowing for a robust review of diagnoses of neoplasia in new world camelids. Here we present a retrospective analysis of camelid neoplastic and proliferative lesions diagnosed at the CSU-VDL from 1995 to 2020, followed by an extensive literature review. Results show increasing incidence of camelid neoplasia reported in the literature, therefore becoming a common diagnosis in llamas and alpacas. Proliferative and neoplastic lesions were diagnosed in 8.8% of new world camelid submissions to CSU-VDL with the most common tumors being lymphomas, squamous cell carcinomas, fibromas, and adenocarcinomas. Risk factors are female sex and increased age except in the case of lymphoma, which tends to occur in younger camelids. Lymphomas, melanomas, and adenocarcinomas (especially of gastrointestinal tract) carry an increased risk of multiple-organ system involvement often with widespread metastases. Conditions described in camelids for the first time include osteosarcoma, cutaneous hemangiosarcoma, myxosarcoma, pilomatricoma, ovarian theca cell tumor, congenital nevus with malignant transformation, and various other neoplasia. This article will provide an operational guide for camelid neoplasia to further assist veterinary laboratory diagnosticians, researchers, and practicing veterinarians in the field of camelid medicine and pathology.
Copyright © 2021 Aboellail, Waugh, Harvey, Fisher and Vilander.
Keywords: alpaca; llama; neoplasia; new world camelid; proliferative lesions
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
References
- BMC Vet Res. 2019 May 9;15(1):139 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 1997 Apr;9(2):210-3 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2000 Sep;12(5):473-6 - PubMed
- Vet Dermatol. 2011 Feb;22(1):2-16 - PubMed
- Vet Pathol. 2000 Nov;37(6):680-3 - PubMed
- Vet Rec. 2003 Apr 19;152(16):507-8 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2009 Jan;21(1):141-4 - PubMed
- Can Vet J. 2004 Nov;45(11):938-40 - PubMed
- Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2005 Jan-Feb;46(1):65-8 - PubMed
- Can Vet J. 2010 Dec;51(12):1379-82 - PubMed
- J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008 Apr 15;232(8):1206-9 - PubMed
- Vet Pathol. 2004 Sep;41(5):520-3 - PubMed
- J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013 Sep 1;243(5):645-7 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2009 Mar;21(2):280-2 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2009 Jan;21(1):171-3 - PubMed
- J Vet Intern Med. 2012 Jul-Aug;26(4):1073-7 - PubMed
- Can Vet J. 1996 Jul;37(7):426-8 - PubMed
- Vet Pathol. 2009 Mar;46(2):288-98 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2007 Mar;19(2):202-4 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2010 Sep;22(5):808-11 - PubMed
- J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1997 Jun 15;210(12):1784-7 - PubMed
- Can Vet J. 2005 Apr;46(4):317-8 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2019 Mar;31(2):280-283 - PubMed
- J Comp Pathol. 2014 Jul;151(1):51-6 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2012 Sep;24(5):986-9 - PubMed
- Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 1989 Mar;5(1):101-43 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 1993 Jan;5(1):117-21 - PubMed
- Can Vet J. 1997 Oct;38(10):643-4 - PubMed
- Vet Rec. 2008 Feb 9;162(6):188-9 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2002 Jul;14(4):328-31 - PubMed
- Vet Ophthalmol. 2008 Mar-Apr;11(2):111-3 - PubMed
- Vet Pathol. 2003 Jan;40(1):103-7 - PubMed
- Vet Clin Pathol. 2008 Sep;37(3):289-97 - PubMed
- Cornell Vet. 1988 Jul;78(3):235-41 - PubMed
- J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013 Oct 15;243(8):1113-5 - PubMed
- J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006 May 1;228(9):1343-4 - PubMed
- J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1985 Dec 1;187(11):1245-6 - PubMed
- Can Vet J. 2001 Oct;42(10):805-6 - PubMed
- Can Vet J. 2001 Nov;42(11):872-4 - PubMed
- Vet Rec Open. 2019 May 3;6(1):e000239 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2013 Jan;25(1):168-72 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2006 Nov;18(6):605-7 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2007 Jul;19(4):450-3 - PubMed
- J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1974 Nov 1;165(9):820-2 - PubMed
- J Vet Intern Med. 1995 Nov-Dec;9(6):381-5 - PubMed
- J Vet Dent. 2011 Spring;28(1):22-4 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2016 Jul;28(4):469-72 - PubMed
- Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2006 Oct-Nov;47(6):571-3 - PubMed
- Can Vet J. 2003 Oct;44(10):824-7 - PubMed
- J Zoo Wildl Med. 2005 Dec;36(4):706-8 - PubMed
- J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2015 Mar 15;246(6):674-80 - PubMed
- Vet Clin Pathol. 2015 Sep;44(3):459-60 - PubMed
- Can Vet J. 2012 Mar;53(3):283-6 - PubMed
- Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2010 May-Jun;51(3):311-2 - PubMed
- Vet J. 2006 Jan;171(1):181-5 - PubMed
- Vet J. 2008 Jan;175(1):133-5 - PubMed
- J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1997 Mar 15;210(6):808-10 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 1997 Jan;9(1):103-6 - PubMed
- J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1990 Nov 1;197(9):1157-62 - PubMed
- Vet Dermatol. 2011 Jun;22(3):275-8 - PubMed
- BMC Vet Res. 2020 Nov 9;16(1):429 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2006 Sep;18(5):499-503 - PubMed
- J Vet Intern Med. 2005 Mar-Apr;19(2):271-4 - PubMed
- Vet Pathol. 1988 Jul;25(4):329-30 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2019 Nov;31(6):913-916 - PubMed
- J Comp Pathol. 2002 Jul;127(1):69-71 - PubMed
- Vet Rec. 2013 Jun 22;172(25):666-7 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2004 Jan;16(1):89-92 - PubMed
- J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2020 Jul 1;257(1):45-47 - PubMed
- Arch Dermatol. 2004 Jan;140(1):83-8 - PubMed
- J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2020 Jul 1;257(1):49-52 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2006 May;18(3):303-6 - PubMed
- Can Vet J. 2001 Mar;42(3):204-6 - PubMed
- J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1990 Jun 15;196(12):2009-10 - PubMed
- Can Vet J. 2010 Oct;51(10):1157-60 - PubMed
- Can Vet J. 2010 Dec;51(12):1387-90 - PubMed
- Vet Ophthalmol. 2005 Jul-Aug;8(4):287-90 - PubMed
- J Vet Diagn Invest. 2004 May;16(3):226-9 - PubMed
- Vet Res Commun. 2005 Feb;29(2):137-40 - PubMed
Publication Types