Mayo Clin Proc. 2021 Dec;96(12):3071-3085. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.05.030. Epub 2021 Sep 25.
Investigating the Relations Between Caffeine-Derived Metabolites and Plasma Lipids in 2 Population-Based Studies.
Mayo Clinic proceedings
Dusan Petrovic, Menno Pruijm, Belén Ponte, Nasser A Dhayat, Daniel Ackermann, Georg Ehret, Nicolas Ansermot, Bruno Vogt, Pierre-Yves Martin, Silvia Stringhini, Sandrine Estoppey-Younès, Lutgarde Thijs, Zhenyu Zhang, Jesus D Melgarejo, Chin B Eap, Jan A Staessen, Murielle Bochud, Idris Guessous
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems (DESS), University Center for General Medicine and Public Health (UNISANTE), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department and Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Switzerland; Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Switzerland.
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Switzerland.
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Prilly, Switzerland.
- Department and Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Switzerland.
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems (DESS), University Center for General Medicine and Public Health (UNISANTE), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium.
- Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Prilly, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Research Institute Alliance for Promotion of Preventive Medicine (APPREMED), Mechelen, Belgium; Biomedical Sciences Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems (DESS), University Center for General Medicine and Public Health (UNISANTE), Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: [email protected].
- Department and Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Switzerland. Electronic address: [email protected].
PMID: 34579945
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.05.030
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relations between caffeine-derived metabolites (methylxanthines) and plasma lipids by use of population-based data from 2 European countries.
METHODS: Families were randomly selected from the general population of northern Belgium (FLEMENGHO), from August 12, 1985, until November 22, 1990, and 3 Swiss cities (SKIPOGH), from November 25, 2009, through April 4, 2013. We measured plasma concentrations (FLEMENGHO, SKIPOGH) and 24-hour urinary excretions (SKIPOGH) of 4 methylxanthines-caffeine, paraxanthine, theobromine, and theophylline-using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We used enzymatic methods to estimate total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and the Friedewald equation for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in plasma. We applied sex-specific mixed models to investigate associations between methylxanthines and plasma lipids, adjusting for major confounders.
RESULTS: In both FLEMENGHO (N=1987; 1055 [53%] female participants) and SKIPOGH (N=990; 523 [53%] female participants), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels increased across quartiles of plasma caffeine, paraxanthine, and theophylline (total cholesterol levels by caffeine quartiles in FLEMENGHO, male participants: 5.01±0.06 mmol/L, 5.05±0.06 mmol/L, 5.27±0.06 mmol/L, 5.62±0.06 mmol/L; female participants: 5.24±0.06 mmol/L, 5.15±0.05 mmol/L, 5.25±0.05 mmol/L, 5.42±0.05 mmol/L). Similar results were observed using urinary methylxanthines in SKIPOGH (total cholesterol levels by caffeine quartiles, male participants: 4.54±0.08 mmol/L, 4.94±0.08 mmol/L, 4.87±0.08 mmol/L, 5.27±0.09 mmol/L; female participants: 5.12±0.07 mmol/L, 5.21±0.07 mmol/L, 5.28±0.05 mmol/L, 5.28±0.07 mmol/L). Furthermore, urinary caffeine and theophylline were positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in SKIPOGH male participants.
CONCLUSION: Plasma and urinary caffeine, paraxanthine, and theophylline were positively associated with plasma lipids, whereas the associations involving theobromine were less clear. We postulate that the positive association between caffeine intake and plasma lipids may be related to the sympathomimetic function of methylxanthines, mitigating the overall health-beneficial effect of caffeine intake.
Copyright © 2021 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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