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Fountoulakis KN, Karakatsoulis G, Abraham S, et al. Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the general population (COMET-G) study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2021;54:21-40doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.004.
Fountoulakis, K. N., Karakatsoulis, G., Abraham, S., Adorjan, K., Ahmed, H. U., Alarcón, R. D., Arai, K., Auwal, S. S., Berk, M., Bjedov, S., Bobes, J., Bobes-Bascaran, T., Bourgin-Duchesnay, J., Bredicean, C. A., Bukelskis, L., Burkadze, A., Abud, I. I. C., Castilla-Puentes, R., Cetkovich, M., Colon-Rivera, H., Corral, R., Cortez-Vergara, C., Crepin, P., De Berardis, D., Zamora Delgado, S., De Lucena, D., De Sousa, A., Stefano, R. D., Dodd, S., Elek, L. P., Elissa, A., Erdelyi-Hamza, B., Erzin, G., Etchevers, M. J., Falkai, P., Farcas, A., Fedotov, I., Filatova, V., Fountoulakis, N. K., Frankova, I., Franza, F., Frias, P., Galako, T., Garay, C. J., Garcia-Álvarez, L., García-Portilla, M. P., Gonda, X., Gondek, T. M., González, D. M., Gould, H., Grandinetti, P., Grau, A., Groudeva, V., Hagin, M., Harada, T., Hasan, M. T., Hashim, N. A., Hilbig, J., Hossain, S., Iakimova, R., Ibrahim, M., Iftene, F., Ignatenko, Y., Irarrazaval, M., Ismail, Z., Ismayilova, J., Jacobs, A., Jakovljević, M., Jakšić, N., Javed, A., Kafali, H. Y., Karia, S., Kazakova, O., Khalifa, D., Khaustova, O., Koh, S., Kopishinskaia, S., Kosenko, K., Koupidis, S. A., Kovacs, I., Kulig, B., Lalljee, A., Liewig, J., Majid, A., Malashonkova, E., Malik, K., Malik, N. I., Mammadzada, G., Mandalia, B., Marazziti, D., Marčinko, D., Martinez, S., Matiekus, E., Mejia, G., Memon, R. S., Martínez, X. E. M., Mickevičiūtė, D., Milev, R., Mohammed, M., Molina-López, A., Morozov, P., Muhammad, N. S., Mustač, F., Naor, M. S., Nassieb, A., Navickas, A., Okasha, T., Pandova, M., Panfil, A. L., Panteleeva, L., Papava, I., Patsali, M. E., Pavlichenko, A., Pejuskovic, B., Pinto Da Costa, M., Popkov, M., Popovic, D., Raduan, N. J. N., Ramírez, F. V., Rancans, E., Razali, S., Rebok, F., Rewekant, A., Flores, E. N. R., Rivera-Encinas, M. T., Saiz, P., de Carmona, M. S., Martínez, D. S., Saw, J. A., Saygili, G., Schneidereit, P., Shah, B., Shirasaka, T., Silagadze, K., Sitanggang, S., Skugarevsky, O., Spikina, A., Mahalingappa, S. S., Stoyanova, M., Szczegielniak, A., Tamasan, S. C., Tavormina, G., Tavormina, M. G. M., Theodorakis, P. N., Tohen, M., Tsapakis, E. M., Tukhvatullina, D., Ullah, I., Vaidya, R., Vega-Dienstmaier, J. M., Vrublevska, J., Vukovic, O., Vysotska, O., Widiasih, N., Yashikhina, A., Prezerakos, P. E., & Smirnova, D. (2022). Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the general population (COMET-G) study. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 5421-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.004
Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N, et al. "Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the general population (COMET-G) study." European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology vol. 54 (2022): 21-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.004
Fountoulakis KN, Karakatsoulis G, Abraham S, Adorjan K, Ahmed HU, Alarcón RD, Arai K, Auwal SS, Berk M, Bjedov S, Bobes J, Bobes-Bascaran T, Bourgin-Duchesnay J, Bredicean CA, Bukelskis L, Burkadze A, Abud IIC, Castilla-Puentes R, Cetkovich M, Colon-Rivera H, Corral R, Cortez-Vergara C, Crepin P, De Berardis D, Zamora Delgado S, De Lucena D, De Sousa A, Stefano RD, Dodd S, Elek LP, Elissa A, Erdelyi-Hamza B, Erzin G, Etchevers MJ, Falkai P, Farcas A, Fedotov I, Filatova V, Fountoulakis NK, Frankova I, Franza F, Frias P, Galako T, Garay CJ, Garcia-Álvarez L, García-Portilla MP, Gonda X, Gondek TM, González DM, Gould H, Grandinetti P, Grau A, Groudeva V, Hagin M, Harada T, Hasan MT, Hashim NA, Hilbig J, Hossain S, Iakimova R, Ibrahim M, Iftene F, Ignatenko Y, Irarrazaval M, Ismail Z, Ismayilova J, Jacobs A, Jakovljević M, Jakšić N, Javed A, Kafali HY, Karia S, Kazakova O, Khalifa D, Khaustova O, Koh S, Kopishinskaia S, Kosenko K, Koupidis SA, Kovacs I, Kulig B, Lalljee A, Liewig J, Majid A, Malashonkova E, Malik K, Malik NI, Mammadzada G, Mandalia B, Marazziti D, Marčinko D, Martinez S, Matiekus E, Mejia G, Memon RS, Martínez XEM, Mickevičiūtė D, Milev R, Mohammed M, Molina-López A, Morozov P, Muhammad NS, Mustač F, Naor MS, Nassieb A, Navickas A, Okasha T, Pandova M, Panfil AL, Panteleeva L, Papava I, Patsali ME, Pavlichenko A, Pejuskovic B, Pinto Da Costa M, Popkov M, Popovic D, Raduan NJN, Ramírez FV, Rancans E, Razali S, Rebok F, Rewekant A, Flores ENR, Rivera-Encinas MT, Saiz P, de Carmona MS, Martínez DS, Saw JA, Saygili G, Schneidereit P, Shah B, Shirasaka T, Silagadze K, Sitanggang S, Skugarevsky O, Spikina A, Mahalingappa SS, Stoyanova M, Szczegielniak A, Tamasan SC, Tavormina G, Tavormina MGM, Theodorakis PN, Tohen M, Tsapakis EM, Tukhvatullina D, Ullah I, Vaidya R, Vega-Dienstmaier JM, Vrublevska J, Vukovic O, Vysotska O, Widiasih N, Yashikhina A, Prezerakos PE, Smirnova D. Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the general population (COMET-G) study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2022 Jan;54:21-40. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.004. Epub 2021 Oct 15. PMID: 34758422; PMCID: PMC8609892.
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Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2022 Jan;54:21-40. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.004. Epub 2021 Oct 15.

Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the general population (COMET-G) study.

European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology

Konstantinos N Fountoulakis, Grigorios Karakatsoulis, Seri Abraham, Kristina Adorjan, Helal Uddin Ahmed, Renato D Alarcón, Kiyomi Arai, Sani Salihu Auwal, Michael Berk, Sarah Bjedov, Julio Bobes, Teresa Bobes-Bascaran, Julie Bourgin-Duchesnay, Cristina Ana Bredicean, Laurynas Bukelskis, Akaki Burkadze, Indira Indiana Cabrera Abud, Ruby Castilla-Puentes, Marcelo Cetkovich, Hector Colon-Rivera, Ricardo Corral, Carla Cortez-Vergara, Piirika Crepin, Domenico De Berardis, Sergio Zamora Delgado, David De Lucena, Avinash De Sousa, Ramona Di Stefano, Seetal Dodd, Livia Priyanka Elek, Anna Elissa, Berta Erdelyi-Hamza, Gamze Erzin, Martin J Etchevers, Peter Falkai, Adriana Farcas, Ilya Fedotov, Viktoriia Filatova, Nikolaos K Fountoulakis, Iryna Frankova, Francesco Franza, Pedro Frias, Tatiana Galako, Cristian J Garay, Leticia Garcia-Álvarez, Maria Paz García-Portilla, Xenia Gonda, Tomasz M Gondek, Daniela Morera González, Hilary Gould, Paolo Grandinetti, Arturo Grau, Violeta Groudeva, Michal Hagin, Takayuki Harada, M Tasdik Hasan, Nurul Azreen Hashim, Jan Hilbig, Sahadat Hossain, Rossitza Iakimova, Mona Ibrahim, Felicia Iftene, Yulia Ignatenko, Matias Irarrazaval, Zaliha Ismail, Jamila Ismayilova, Asaf Jacobs, Miro Jakovljević, Nenad Jakšić, Afzal Javed, Helin Yilmaz Kafali, Sagar Karia, Olga Kazakova, Doaa Khalifa, Olena Khaustova, Steve Koh, Svetlana Kopishinskaia, Korneliia Kosenko, Sotirios A Koupidis, Illes Kovacs, Barbara Kulig, Alisha Lalljee, Justine Liewig, Abdul Majid, Evgeniia Malashonkova, Khamelia Malik, Najma Iqbal Malik, Gulay Mammadzada, Bilvesh Mandalia, Donatella Marazziti, Darko Marčinko, Stephanie Martinez, Eimantas Matiekus, Gabriela Mejia, Roha Saeed Memon, Xarah Elenne Meza Martínez, Dalia Mickevičiūtė, Roumen Milev, Muftau Mohammed, Alejandro Molina-López, Petr Morozov, Nuru Suleiman Muhammad, Filip Mustač, Mika S Naor, Amira Nassieb, Alvydas Navickas, Tarek Okasha, Milena Pandova, Anca-Livia Panfil, Liliya Panteleeva, Ion Papava, Mikaella E Patsali, Alexey Pavlichenko, Bojana Pejuskovic, Mariana Pinto Da Costa, Mikhail Popkov, Dina Popovic, Nor Jannah Nasution Raduan, Francisca Vargas Ramírez, Elmars Rancans, Salmi Razali, Federico Rebok, Anna Rewekant, Elena Ninoska Reyes Flores, María Teresa Rivera-Encinas, Pilar Saiz, Manuel Sánchez de Carmona, David Saucedo Martínez, Jo Anne Saw, Görkem Saygili, Patricia Schneidereit, Bhumika Shah, Tomohiro Shirasaka, Ketevan Silagadze, Satti Sitanggang, Oleg Skugarevsky, Anna Spikina, Sridevi Sira Mahalingappa, Maria Stoyanova, Anna Szczegielniak, Simona Claudia Tamasan, Giuseppe Tavormina, Maurilio Giuseppe Maria Tavormina, Pavlos N Theodorakis, Mauricio Tohen, Eva Maria Tsapakis, Dina Tukhvatullina, Irfan Ullah, Ratnaraj Vaidya, Johann M Vega-Dienstmaier, Jelena Vrublevska, Olivera Vukovic, Olga Vysotska, Natalia Widiasih, Anna Yashikhina, Panagiotis E Prezerakos, Daria Smirnova

Affiliations

  1. 3(rd) Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: [email protected].
  2. 3(rd) Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: [email protected].
  3. Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Core Psychiatry training, Health Education England North West, United Kingdom. Electronic address: [email protected].
  4. Department of Psychiatry, Ludiwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: [email protected].
  5. Child Adolescent and Family Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address: [email protected].
  6. Section of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Lima, Peru; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
  7. School of Medicine and Health Science, Institute of Health Science Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan. Electronic address: [email protected].
  8. Department of Psychiatry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Electronic address: [email protected].
  9. IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  10. Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  11. Psychiatry Area, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, ISPA, INEUROPA. CIBERSAM; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain, ISPA, INEUROPA. CIBERSAM. Electronic address: [email protected].
  12. Mental Health Center of La Corredoria, Oviedo, Spain, ISPA, INEUROPA. CIBERSAM; Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, ISPA, INEUROPA. CIBERSAM. Electronic address: [email protected].
  13. Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Orsay, France. Electronic address: [email protected].
  14. Department of Neuroscience, Discipline of Psychiatry, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: [email protected].
  15. Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. Electronic address: [email protected].
  16. Mental Hub, Tbilisi, Georgia; NGO Healthcare Research and Quality Agency, Tbilisi, Georgia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  17. Hospital San Juan de Dios Hospital, Guadalajara, Mexico. Electronic address: [email protected].
  18. Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, American Society of Hispanic Psychiatry and WARMI Women Mental Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
  19. Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: [email protected].
  20. APM Board Certified in General Psychiatry and Neurology, Addiction Psychiatry, & Addiction Medicine, UPMC, DDAP, Philadelphia, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
  21. Department of Teaching and Research, Hospital Borda, Buenos Aires, Argentina; University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: [email protected].
  22. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Clínica AngloAmericana, Lima, Perú. Electronic address: [email protected].
  23. Sanitaire and Social Union for Accompaniment and Prevention, Center of Ambulatory Psychiatry of Narbonne and Lezigan, Narbonne, France. Electronic address: [email protected].
  24. Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL Teramo, Teramo, Italy; School of Nursing, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, School of Psychiatry, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].
  25. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: [email protected].
  26. Departamento de Fisiología e Farmacología, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: [email protected].
  27. Department of Psychiatry, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, India; Desousa Foundation, Mumbai, India. Electronic address: [email protected].
  28. University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  29. IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  30. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  31. Psychiatry department, Ankara d??kap? training and research hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: [email protected].
  32. Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: [email protected].
  33. Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centre of Neuroscience, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: [email protected].
  34. Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ryazan State Medical University n.a. academician I.P. Pavlov, Ryazan, Russia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  35. Department of Psychiatry, Ludiwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: [email protected].
  36. State Budgetary Institution of the Rostov Region "Psychoneurological Dispensary", Rostov-on-Don, Russia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  37. State Budgetary Institution of the Rostov Region "Psychoneurological Dispensary", Rostov-on-Don, Russia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  38. State Budgetary Institution of the Rostov Region "Psychoneurological Dispensary", Rostov-on-Don, Russia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  39. Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria. Electronic address: [email protected].
  40. Medical Psychology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine. Electronic address: [email protected].
  41. "Villa dei Pini" Psychiatric Rehabilitation Center, Avellino, Italy; Psychiatric Studies Centre, Provaglio d'Iseo, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].
  42. Hospital Magalhães Lemos, Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: [email protected].
  43. Department of Psychiatry, Medical Psychology and Drug Abuse, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic. Electronic address: [email protected].
  44. Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: [email protected].
  45. Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, ISPA, INEUROPA. CIBERSAM. Electronic address: [email protected].
  46. Psychiatry Area, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, ISPA, INEUROPA. CIBERSAM; Mental Health Center of La Ería, Oviedo, Spain, ISPA, INEUROPA. CIBERSAM. Electronic address: [email protected].
  47. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: [email protected].
  48. Specialty Training Section, Polish Psychiatric Association, Wroclaw, Poland. Electronic address: [email protected].
  49. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón De la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address: [email protected].
  50. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
  51. Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL Teramo, Teramo, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].
  52. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile; Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Abarbanel Mental Health Center, Israel. Electronic address: [email protected].
  53. Faculty of Human Sciences, Education Bureau of the Laboratory Schools, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: [email protected].
  54. Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Electronic address: [email protected].
  55. Public Health Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address: [email protected].
  56. Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Public Health Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address: [email protected].
  57. Second Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry "Saint Naum", Sofia, Bulgaria. Electronic address: [email protected].
  58. Mental Hub, Tbilisi, Georgia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  59. Department of Public Health & Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address: [email protected].
  60. Department of Psychiatry, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: [email protected].
  61. Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: [email protected].
  62. Ministry of Health, Millenium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: [email protected].
  63. Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  64. National Mental Health Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan. Electronic address: [email protected].
  65. Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center Health System, Valhalla, NY, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
  66. New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
  67. Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center Health System, Valhalla, NY, USA; New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
  68. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom. Electronic address: [email protected].
  69. Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  70. Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre, Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan; Child Psychiatry Department, Ankara city hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. Electronic address: [email protected].
  71. International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry (ICERN), Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  72. Department of Psychiatry, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, India. Electronic address: [email protected].
  73. Kirov State Medical University, Kirov, Russia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  74. Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: [email protected].
  75. Medical Psychology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine. Electronic address: [email protected].
  76. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
  77. Kirov State Medical University, Kirov, Russia; Psychiatry, Drug abuse and Psychology Department, Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine. Electronic address: [email protected].
  78. Occupational & Environmental Health Sector, Public Health Policy. Electronic address: [email protected].
  79. Occupational and Environmental Health Sector, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Greece. Electronic address: [email protected].
  80. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: [email protected].
  81. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: [email protected].
  82. Desousa Foundation, Mumbai, India.
  83. Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Orsay, France. Electronic address: [email protected].
  84. Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan. Electronic address: [email protected].
  85. Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Orsay, France. Electronic address: [email protected].
  86. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  87. Department of Psychiatry, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan. Electronic address: [email protected].
  88. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].
  89. Desousa Foundation, Mumbai, India. Electronic address: [email protected].
  90. Unicamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy; Brain Research Foundation onus, Lucca, Italy; Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: [email protected].
  91. Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  92. Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL Teramo, Teramo, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].
  93. Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. Electronic address: [email protected].
  94. Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL Teramo, Teramo, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].
  95. Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: [email protected].
  96. Private outpatient clinics "JSC InMedica klinika", Vilnius, Lithuania. Electronic address: [email protected].
  97. Department of Clinical Services, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria. Electronic address: [email protected].
  98. Psychiatry department, Ankara d??kap? training and research hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: [email protected].
  99. General Office for the Psychiatric Services of the Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address: [email protected].
  100. Department of Postgraduate Education, Russian National Research Medical University n.a. N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  101. Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. Electronic address: [email protected].
  102. Sackler School of Medicine New York State American Program, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel. Electronic address: [email protected].
  103. Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  104. Compartment of Liaison Psychiatry, "Pius Brinzeu" County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: [email protected].
  105. Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: [email protected].
  106. Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. Electronic address: [email protected].
  107. Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: [email protected].
  108. Second Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry "Saint Naum", Sofia, Bulgaria. Electronic address: [email protected].
  109. Department of Medical Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic. Electronic address: [email protected].
  110. School of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece. Electronic address: [email protected].
  111. Department of Neuroscience, Discipline of Psychiatry, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: [email protected].
  112. School of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: [email protected].
  113. Education center, Mental Health Clinic No 1n.a. N.A. Alexeev of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  114. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Clinical Department for Crisis and Affective Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: [email protected].
  115. South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: [email protected].
  116. Department of the Introduction to Internal Medicine and Family Medicine, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic. Electronic address: [email protected].
  117. Abarbanel Mental Health Center, Bat-Yam, Israel. Electronic address: [email protected].
  118. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: [email protected].
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PMID: 34758422 PMCID: PMC8609892 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.004

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: There are few published empirical data on the effects of COVID-19 on mental health, and until now, there is no large international study.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, an online questionnaire gathered data from 55,589 participants from 40 countries (64.85% females aged 35.80 ± 13.61; 34.05% males aged 34.90±13.29 and 1.10% other aged 31.64±13.15). Distress and probable depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm respectively.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were calculated. Chi-square tests, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analyses and Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tested relations among variables.

RESULTS: Probable depression was detected in 17.80% and distress in 16.71%. A significant percentage reported a deterioration in mental state, family dynamics and everyday lifestyle. Persons with a history of mental disorders had higher rates of current depression (31.82% vs. 13.07%). At least half of participants were accepting (at least to a moderate degree) a non-bizarre conspiracy. The highest Relative Risk (RR) to develop depression was associated with history of Bipolar disorder and self-harm/attempts (RR = 5.88). Suicidality was not increased in persons without a history of any mental disorder. Based on these results a model was developed.

CONCLUSIONS: The final model revealed multiple vulnerabilities and an interplay leading from simple anxiety to probable depression and suicidality through distress. This could be of practical utility since many of these factors are modifiable. Future research and interventions should specifically focus on them.

Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Anxiety; COVID-19; Conspiracy theories; Depression; Mental disorders; Mental health; Psychiatry; Suicidality

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest None pertaining to the current paper.

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