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Portincasa P, Ciaula AD, Bonfrate L, et al. Therapy of gallstone disease: What it was, what it is, what it will be. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2012;3(2):7-20doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v3.i2.7.
Portincasa, P., Ciaula, A. D., Bonfrate, L., & Wang, D. Q. (2012). Therapy of gallstone disease: What it was, what it is, what it will be. World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics, 3(2), 7-20. https://doi.org/10.4292/wjgpt.v3.i2.7
Portincasa, Piero, et al. "Therapy of gallstone disease: What it was, what it is, what it will be." World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics vol. 3,2 (2012): 7-20. doi: https://doi.org/10.4292/wjgpt.v3.i2.7
Portincasa P, Ciaula AD, Bonfrate L, Wang DQ. Therapy of gallstone disease: What it was, what it is, what it will be. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Apr 06;3(2):7-20. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v3.i2.7. PMID: 22577615; PMCID: PMC3348960.
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World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Apr 06;3(2):7-20. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v3.i2.7.

Therapy of gallstone disease: What it was, what it is, what it will be.

World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics

Piero Portincasa, Agostino Di Ciaula, Leonilde Bonfrate, David Qh Wang

Affiliations

  1. Piero Portincasa, Leonilde Bonfrate, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy.

PMID: 22577615 PMCID: PMC3348960 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v3.i2.7

Abstract

Cholesterol gallstone disease is a common clinical condition influenced by genetic factors, increasing age, female gender, and metabolic factors. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is currently considered the gold standard in treating patients with symptomatic gallstones, new perspectives regarding medical therapy of cholelithiasis are currently under discussion, also taking into account the pathogenesis of gallstones, the natural history of the disease and the analysis of the overall costs of therapy. A careful selection of patients may lead to successful non-surgical therapy in symptomatic subjects with a functioning gallbladder harboring small radiolucent stones. The classical oral litholysis by ursodeoxycholic acid has been recently paralleled by new experimental observations, suggesting that cholesterol-lowering agents which inhibit cholesterol synthesis (statins) or intestinal cholesterol absorption (ezetimibe), or drugs acting on specific nuclear receptors involved in cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis, might be proposed as additional approaches for treating cholesterol gallstones. In this review we discuss old, recent and future perspectives on medical treatment of cholesterol cholelithiasis.

Keywords: Bile; Bile acids; Cholecystectomy; Dissolution therapy; Ezetimibe; Gallbladder; Gallstones; Nuclear receptors; Statins

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