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Zickler CF, Morrow JD, Bull MJ. Infants with Down syndrome: a look at temperament. J Pediatr Health Care. 1998;12(3):111-7doi: 10.1016/s0891-5245(98)90240-1.
Zickler, C. F., Morrow, J. D., & Bull, M. J. (1998). Infants with Down syndrome: a look at temperament. Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners, 12(3), 111-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5245(98)90240-1
Zickler, C F, et al. "Infants with Down syndrome: a look at temperament." Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners vol. 12,3 (1998): 111-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5245(98)90240-1
Zickler CF, Morrow JD, Bull MJ. Infants with Down syndrome: a look at temperament. J Pediatr Health Care. 1998 May-Jun;12(3):111-7. doi: 10.1016/s0891-5245(98)90240-1. PMID: 9652278.
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Elsevier Science

J Pediatr Health Care. 1998 May-Jun;12(3):111-7. doi: 10.1016/s0891-5245(98)90240-1.

Infants with Down syndrome: a look at temperament.

Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners

C F Zickler, J D Morrow, M J Bull

Affiliations

  1. Ann Whitehill Down Syndrome Program, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

PMID: 9652278 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5245(98)90240-1

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: This research describes temperament characteristics of infants with Down syndrome who are 1 to 4 months old. In the literature children with Down syndrome have been stereotyped. It was hypothesized that temperament characteristics may be evident and unique in newborns with Down syndrome.

METHOD: A standardized questionnaire, The Early Infancy Temperament Questionnaire, a cover letter, informed consent forms, and a brief explanation of the project were given to families with a newborn infant with Down syndrome. Thirty-two (families with infants with Down syndrome completed the study.

RESULTS: Mean scores indicate that infants with Down syndrome are rated more active, less intense, more distractible, and have a tendency to demonstrate more approach behaviors compared with normally developing infants. Data suggest infants with Down syndrome have some unique characteristics but are more like their normally developing peers than different.

DISCUSSION: Integration and mainstreaming of infants and children with Down syndrome emphasizes the need for nurse practitioners to appreciate the temperament characteristics of these infants.

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