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Front Immunol. 2015 May 05;6:213. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00213. eCollection 2015.

Of monkeys and men: immunomic profiling of sera from humans and non-human primates resistant to schistosomiasis reveals novel potential vaccine candidates.

Frontiers in immunology

Mark S Pearson, Luke Becker, Patrick Driguez, Neil D Young, Soraya Gaze, Tiago Mendes, Xiao-Hong Li, Denise L Doolan, Nicholas Midzi, Takafira Mduluza, Donald P McManus, R Alan Wilson, Jeffrey M Bethony, Norman Nausch, Francisca Mutapi, Philip L Felgner, Alex Loukas

Affiliations

  1. Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University , Cairns, QLD , Australia.
  2. QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD , Australia.
  3. University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.
  4. Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.
  5. Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.
  6. National Institute of Parasitic Diseases , Shanghai , China.
  7. National Institutes of Health Research , Harare , Zimbabwe.
  8. Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe , Harare , Zimbabwe.
  9. Department of Biology, University of York , York , UK.
  10. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University , Washington, DC , USA.
  11. University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK.
  12. University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA , USA.

PMID: 25999951 PMCID: PMC4419842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00213

Abstract

Schistosoma haematobium affects more than 100 million people throughout Africa and is the causative agent of urogenital schistosomiasis. The parasite is strongly associated with urothelial cancer in infected individuals and as such is designated a group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Using a protein microarray containing schistosome proteins, we sought to identify antigens that were the targets of protective IgG1 immune responses in S. haematobium-exposed individuals that acquire drug-induced resistance (DIR) to schistosomiasis after praziquantel treatment. Numerous antigens with known vaccine potential were identified, including calpain (Smp80), tetraspanins, glutathione-S-transferases, and glucose transporters (SGTP1), as well as previously uncharacterized proteins. Reactive IgG1 responses were not elevated in exposed individuals who did not acquire DIR. To complement our human subjects study, we screened for antigen targets of rhesus macaques rendered resistant to S. japonicum by experimental infection followed by self-cure, and discovered a number of new and known vaccine targets, including major targets recognized by our human subjects. This study has further validated the immunomics-based approach to schistosomiasis vaccine antigen discovery and identified numerous novel potential vaccine antigens.

Keywords: drug-induced resistance; human; protein microarray; schistosomiasis; vaccine

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