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Kwong E, Li Y, Hylemon PB, et al. Bile acids and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 in hepatic lipid metabolism. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2015;5(2):151-7doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.12.009.
Kwong, E., Li, Y., Hylemon, P. B., & Zhou, H. (2015). Bile acids and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 in hepatic lipid metabolism. Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B, 5(2), 151-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2014.12.009
Kwong, Eric, et al. "Bile acids and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 in hepatic lipid metabolism." Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B vol. 5,2 (2015): 151-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2014.12.009
Kwong E, Li Y, Hylemon PB, Zhou H. Bile acids and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 in hepatic lipid metabolism. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2015 Mar;5(2):151-7. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.12.009. Epub 2015 Feb 09. PMID: 26579441; PMCID: PMC4629213.
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Acta Pharm Sin B. 2015 Mar;5(2):151-7. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.12.009. Epub 2015 Feb 09.

Bile acids and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 in hepatic lipid metabolism.

Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Eric Kwong, Yunzhou Li, Phillip B Hylemon, Huiping Zhou

Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
  2. McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA.
  3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23298, USA ; McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA.

PMID: 26579441 PMCID: PMC4629213 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.12.009

Abstract

The liver is the central organ involved in lipid metabolism. Dyslipidemia and its related disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity and other metabolic diseases, are of increasing public health concern due to their increasing prevalence in the population. Besides their well-characterized functions in cholesterol homoeostasis and nutrient absorption, bile acids are also important metabolic regulators and function as signaling hormones by activating specific nuclear receptors, G-protein coupled receptors, and multiple signaling pathways. Recent studies identified a new signaling pathway by which conjugated bile acids (CBA) activate the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway via sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2). CBA-induced activation of S1PR2 is a key regulator of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) and hepatic gene expression. This review focuses on recent findings related to the role of bile acids/S1PR2-mediated signaling pathways in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism.

Keywords: ABC, ATP-binding cassette; AKT/PKB, protein kinase B; BSEP/ABCB11, bile salt export protein; Bile acid; CA, cholic acid; CBA, conjugated bile acids; CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid; CYP27A1, sterol 27-hydroxylase; CYP7A1, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase; CYP7B1, oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase; CYP8B1, 12α-hydroxylase; DCA, deoxycholic acid; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ERK, extracellular regulated protein kinases; FGF15/19, fibroblast growth factor 15/19; FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor; FXR, farnesoid X receptor; G-6-Pase, glucose-6-phophatase; GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HNF4α, hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α; Heptic lipid metabolism; IBAT, ileal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter; JNK1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; LCA, lithocholic acid; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LRH-1, liver-related homolog-1; M1–5, muscarinic receptor 1–5; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NK, natural killer cells; NTCP, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide; PEPCK, PEP carboxykinse; PTX, pertussis toxin; S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate; S1PR2, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2; SHP, small heterodimer partner; SPL, S1P lyase; SPPs, S1P phosphatases; SRC, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase; SphK, sphingosine kinase; Sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor; Spns2, spinster homologue 2; TCA, taurocholate; TGR5, G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein

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