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Alex A, Li A, Tanzi RE, et al. Optogenetic pacing in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Adv. 2015;1(9):e1500639doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1500639.
Alex, A., Li, A., Tanzi, R. E., & Zhou, C. (2015). Optogenetic pacing in Drosophila melanogaster. Science advances, 1(9), e1500639. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500639
Alex, Aneesh, et al. "Optogenetic pacing in Drosophila melanogaster." Science advances vol. 1,9 (2015): e1500639. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500639
Alex A, Li A, Tanzi RE, Zhou C. Optogenetic pacing in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Adv. 2015 Oct 09;1(9):e1500639. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1500639. eCollection 2015 Oct. PMID: 26601299; PMCID: PMC4646813.
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Sci Adv. 2015 Oct 09;1(9):e1500639. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1500639. eCollection 2015 Oct.

Optogenetic pacing in Drosophila melanogaster.

Science advances

Aneesh Alex, Airong Li, Rudolph E Tanzi, Chao Zhou

Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA. ; Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
  2. Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
  3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA. ; Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA. ; Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.

PMID: 26601299 PMCID: PMC4646813 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500639

Abstract

Electrical stimulation is currently the gold standard for cardiac pacing. However, it is invasive and nonspecific for cardiac tissues. We recently developed a noninvasive cardiac pacing technique using optogenetic tools, which are widely used in neuroscience. Optogenetic pacing of the heart provides high spatial and temporal precisions, is specific for cardiac tissues, avoids artifacts associated with electrical stimulation, and therefore promises to be a powerful tool in basic cardiac research. We demonstrated optogenetic control of heart rhythm in a well-established model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. We developed transgenic flies expressing a light-gated cation channel, channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), specifically in their hearts and demonstrated successful optogenetic pacing of ChR2-expressing Drosophila at different developmental stages, including the larva, pupa, and adult stages. A high-speed and ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence microscopy imaging system that is capable of providing images at a rate of 130 frames/s with axial and transverse resolutions of 1.5 and 3.9 μm, respectively, was used to noninvasively monitor Drosophila cardiac function and its response to pacing stimulation. The development of a noninvasive integrated optical pacing and imaging system provides a novel platform for performing research studies in developmental cardiology.

Keywords: Drosophila; Heart development; Label-free imaging; Optical coherence microscopy; Optical coherence tomography; Optogenetics

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