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Blum K, Hauser M, Fratantonio J, et al. Molecular Genetic Testing in Pain and Addiction: Facts, Fiction and Clinical Utility. Addict Genet. 2015;2(1):1-5doi: 10.1515/addge-2015-0001.
Blum, K., Hauser, M., Fratantonio, J., & Badgaiyan, R. D. (2015). Molecular Genetic Testing in Pain and Addiction: Facts, Fiction and Clinical Utility. Addiction genetics, 2(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1515/addge-2015-0001
Blum, Kenneth, et al. "Molecular Genetic Testing in Pain and Addiction: Facts, Fiction and Clinical Utility." Addiction genetics vol. 2,1 (2015): 1-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/addge-2015-0001
Blum K, Hauser M, Fratantonio J, Badgaiyan RD. Molecular Genetic Testing in Pain and Addiction: Facts, Fiction and Clinical Utility. Addict Genet. 2015 Jul 01;2(1):1-5. doi: 10.1515/addge-2015-0001. Epub 2015 Aug 28. PMID: 26807291; PMCID: PMC4720149.
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Addict Genet. 2015 Jul 01;2(1):1-5. doi: 10.1515/addge-2015-0001. Epub 2015 Aug 28.

Molecular Genetic Testing in Pain and Addiction: Facts, Fiction and Clinical Utility.

Addiction genetics

Kenneth Blum, Mary Hauser, James Fratantonio, Rajendra D Badgaiyan

Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
  2. Divisions of Addiction Services, Dominion Diagnostics,LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA.
  3. Divisions of Applied Clinical Research & Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA.

PMID: 26807291 PMCID: PMC4720149 DOI: 10.1515/addge-2015-0001

Abstract

The Brain Reward Cascade (BRC) is an interaction of neurotransmitters and their respective genes to control the amount of dopamine released within the brain. Any variations within this pathway, whether genetic or environmental (epigenetic), may result in addictive behaviors as well as altered pain tolerance. While there are many studies claiming a genetic association with addiction and other behavioral infractions, defined as Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS), not all are scientifically accurate and in some case just wrong. Albeit our bias, we discuss herein the facts and fictions behind molecular genetic testing in RDS (including pain and addiction) and the significance behind the development of the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARSPREDX™), the first test to accurately predict one's genetic risk for RDS.

Keywords: Brain Reward Cascade; DRD2; Gene variations; Genetic Addiction Risk Score; Reward Deficiency Syndrome

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