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Kreis R, Boer V, Choi IY, et al. Terminology and concepts for the characterization of in vivo MR spectroscopy methods and MR spectra: Background and experts' consensus recommendations. NMR Biomed. 2020;e4347doi: 10.1002/nbm.4347.
Kreis, R., Boer, V., Choi, I. Y., Cudalbu, C., de Graaf, R. A., Gasparovic, C., Heerschap, A., Krššák, M., Lanz, B., Maudsley, A. A., Meyerspeer, M., Near, J., Öz, G., Posse, S., Slotboom, J., Terpstra, M., Tkáč, I., Wilson, M., Bogner, W. (2020). Terminology and concepts for the characterization of in vivo MR spectroscopy methods and MR spectra: Background and experts' consensus recommendations. NMR in biomedicine, e4347. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.4347
Kreis, Roland, et al. "Terminology and concepts for the characterization of in vivo MR spectroscopy methods and MR spectra: Background and experts' consensus recommendations." NMR in biomedicine vol. (2020): e4347. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.4347
Kreis R, Boer V, Choi IY, Cudalbu C, de Graaf RA, Gasparovic C, Heerschap A, Krššák M, Lanz B, Maudsley AA, Meyerspeer M, Near J, Öz G, Posse S, Slotboom J, Terpstra M, Tkáč I, Wilson M, Bogner W. Terminology and concepts for the characterization of in vivo MR spectroscopy methods and MR spectra: Background and experts' consensus recommendations. NMR Biomed. 2020 Aug 17;e4347. doi: 10.1002/nbm.4347. Epub 2020 Aug 17. PMID: 32808407; PMCID: PMC7887137.
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NMR Biomed. 2020 Aug 17;e4347. doi: 10.1002/nbm.4347. Epub 2020 Aug 17.

Terminology and concepts for the characterization of in vivo MR spectroscopy methods and MR spectra: Background and experts' consensus recommendations.

NMR in biomedicine

Roland Kreis, Vincent Boer, In-Young Choi, Cristina Cudalbu, Robin A de Graaf, Charles Gasparovic, Arend Heerschap, Martin Krššák, Bernard Lanz, Andrew A Maudsley, Martin Meyerspeer, Jamie Near, Gülin Öz, Stefan Posse, Johannes Slotboom, Melissa Terpstra, Ivan Tkáč, Martin Wilson, Wolfgang Bogner,

Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology, and Nuclear Medicine and Department of Biomedical Research, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
  2. Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Funktions- og Billeddiagnostisk Enhed, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
  3. Department of Neurology, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
  4. Centre d'Imagerie Biomedicale (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
  5. Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging & Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
  6. The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
  7. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
  8. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III & High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  9. Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
  10. Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
  11. Department of Radiology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
  12. Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  13. High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  14. Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
  15. Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
  16. Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
  17. Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology, and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
  18. Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
  19. High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

PMID: 32808407 PMCID: PMC7887137 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4347

Abstract

With a 40-year history of use for in vivo studies, the terminology used to describe the methodology and results of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has grown substantially and is not consistent in many aspects. Given the platform offered by this special issue on advanced MRS methodology, the authors decided to describe many of the implicated terms, to pinpoint differences in their meanings and to suggest specific uses or definitions. This work covers terms used to describe all aspects of MRS, starting from the description of the MR signal and its theoretical basis to acquisition methods, processing and to quantification procedures, as well as terms involved in describing results, for example, those used with regard to aspects of quality, reproducibility or indications of error. The descriptions of the meanings of such terms emerge from the descriptions of the basic concepts involved in MRS methods and examinations. This paper also includes specific suggestions for future use of terms where multiple conventions have emerged or coexisted in the past.

© 2020 The Authors. NMR in Biomedicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Keywords: MR spectroscopic imaging, MR spectroscopy, spectroscopic quantitation, standardization

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