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Vergani D, Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Mieli-Vergani G. A reasoned approach to the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Liver Dis. 2021;53(11):1381-1393doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.05.033.
Vergani, D., Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli, B., & Mieli-Vergani, G. (2021). A reasoned approach to the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, 53(11), 1381-1393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2021.05.033
Vergani, Diego, et al. "A reasoned approach to the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis." Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver vol. 53,11 (2021): 1381-1393. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2021.05.033
Vergani D, Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Mieli-Vergani G. A reasoned approach to the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Liver Dis. 2021 Nov;53(11):1381-1393. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.05.033. Epub 2021 Jun 23. PMID: 34162505.
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Dig Liver Dis. 2021 Nov;53(11):1381-1393. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.05.033. Epub 2021 Jun 23.

A reasoned approach to the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver

Diego Vergani, Benedetta Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani

Affiliations

  1. King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Epatocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland.
  2. Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Epatocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland.
  3. King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK; Epatocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland; Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, MowatLabs, King's College Hospital, London, UK. Electronic address: [email protected].

PMID: 34162505 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.05.033

Abstract

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease affecting all ages, characterised by elevated transaminase and immunoglobulin G levels, positive autoantibodies, interface hepatitis on histology and good response to immunosuppressive treatment. If untreated, it has a poor prognosis. The aim of this review is to analyse AIH therapeutic interventions with reference to our knowledge of the pathogenesis of AIH. Standard treatment, based on steroids and azathioprine, leads to disease remission in 80-90% of patients. Alternative first-line treatment with budesonide is effective in adults, but less so in the juvenile form of AIH; first-line treatment with ciclosporin does not provide convincing advantages compared to standard treatment. Second-line treatments are needed for patients not responding or intolerant to first-line standard management. Mycophenolate mofetil is the most widely used second-line drug, and has good efficacy particularly for patients intolerant to azathioprine, but is teratogenic. Only few and heterogeneous data on calcineurin inhibitors and m-TOR inhibitors are available. Biologicals, including anti-tumour necrosis factor- α and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, have given ambivalent results and may have severe side-effects. Clinical trials with new therapeutic options aiming at targeting B lymphocytes and proinflammatory cytokines, or expanding regulatory T cells to restore tolerance are ongoing.

Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest None.

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