Display options
Cite
Blum K, Modestino EJ, Gondré-Lewis MC, et al. GLOBAL OPIOID EPIDEMIC: DOOMED TO FAIL WITHOUT GENETICALLY BASED PRECISION ADDICTION MEDICINE (PAM. Precis Med (Bangalore). 2017;2(1):17-22
Blum, K., Modestino, E. J., Gondré-Lewis, M. C., Neary, J., Siwicki, D., Hauser, M., Barh, D., Steinberg, B., & Badgaiyan, R. D. (2017). GLOBAL OPIOID EPIDEMIC: DOOMED TO FAIL WITHOUT GENETICALLY BASED PRECISION ADDICTION MEDICINE (PAM. Precision medicine, 2(1), 17-22.
Blum, Kenneth, et al. "GLOBAL OPIOID EPIDEMIC: DOOMED TO FAIL WITHOUT GENETICALLY BASED PRECISION ADDICTION MEDICINE (PAM." Precision medicine vol. 2,1 (2017): 17-22.
Blum K, Modestino EJ, Gondré-Lewis MC, Neary J, Siwicki D, Hauser M, Barh D, Steinberg B, Badgaiyan RD. GLOBAL OPIOID EPIDEMIC: DOOMED TO FAIL WITHOUT GENETICALLY BASED PRECISION ADDICTION MEDICINE (PAM. Precis Med (Bangalore). 2017;2(1):17-22. Epub 2017 Nov 18. PMID: 29372187; PMCID: PMC5778881.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Precis Med (Bangalore). 2017;2(1):17-22. Epub 2017 Nov 18.

GLOBAL OPIOID EPIDEMIC: DOOMED TO FAIL WITHOUT GENETICALLY BASED PRECISION ADDICTION MEDICINE (PAM.

Precision medicine

Kenneth Blum, Edward J Modestino, Marjorie C Gondré-Lewis, Jennifer Neary, David Siwicki, Mary Hauser, Debmalya Barh, Bruce Steinberg, Rajendra D Badgaiyan

Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida & McKnight Brain Institute, College of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
  2. Department of Psychiatry, Human Integrated Services Unit University of Vermont Center for Clinical & Translational Science, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
  3. Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Research Foundation, NY, NY, USA.
  4. Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA.
  5. Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH USA.
  6. Division of Genetic Testing, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
  7. Center for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India.
  8. Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University Budapest, Hungary.
  9. Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  10. Division of Neuroscience Based Addiction Research and Therapy, The Shores Treatment & Recovery Center, Port t. Lucie, Fl. USA.
  11. Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA.
  12. Departments of Anatomy, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
  13. Department of Psychiatry, Richmond University Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

PMID: 29372187 PMCID: PMC5778881

Abstract

It is a reality that globally opioid deaths have soared for men and women of all social, economic status and age from heroin and fentanyl overdoses. Specifically, in the United States, deaths from narcotic overdoses have reached alarming metrics since 2010. In fact, the Fentanyl rise is driven by drug dealers who sell it as heroin or who use it to lace cocaine or to make illegal counterfeit prescription opioids. The President's Commission on the crisis has linked the death toll as equivalent to "September 11th every three weeks." In fact, The U.S. Centre for Disease Control (CDC) released data showing that opioid-related overdoses were up 15% in the first three quarters of 2016 compared to 2015. Various governmental organizations including NIDA, are actively seeking solutions. However, we argue that unless the scientific community embraces genetic addiction risk coupled with potential precision or personalized medicine to induce "dopamine homeostasis" it will fail. We now have evidence that a ten-gene and eleven single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel predicts Addiction Severity Index (ASI) for both alcohol and drugs of abuse (e.g., Opioids). In a large multi-addiction centre study involving seven diverse treatment programs, the genetic addiction risk score (GARS

Keywords: Genetic Addiction Risk Score™; addiction; dependence; heroin; opioid epidemic

Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTEREST Kenneth Blum, PhD owns stock in RDSS LLC, Synaptamine, INC, Igene LLC, Geneus Health, LLC, and RestoreGen, LLC. Synaptamine is the exclusive distributor worldwide of patents relat

References

  1. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998 Mar 4;90(5):358-63 - PubMed
  2. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012 Oct;37(11):2531-40 - PubMed
  3. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2017 Jan 1;22:669-691 - PubMed
  4. J Abnorm Psychol. 2009 May;118(2):322-34 - PubMed
  5. Mol Psychiatry. 2015 Nov;20(11):1438-47 - PubMed
  6. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004 Jun;61(6):597-606 - PubMed
  7. Transl Psychiatry. 2014 May 20;4:e391 - PubMed
  8. J Behav Addict. 2014 Sep;3(3):149-56 - PubMed
  9. Behav Pharmacol. 2008 Sep;19(5-6):641-9 - PubMed
  10. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991 Aug;48(8):757-9 - PubMed
  11. BMC Genet. 2014 Dec 20;15:151 - PubMed
  12. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Aug 26;65(33):837-43 - PubMed
  13. Health Psychol. 2003 Sep;22(5):541-8 - PubMed
  14. Postgrad Med. 2015 Mar;127(2):232-41 - PubMed
  15. Med Hypotheses. 2005;65(4):703-7 - PubMed
  16. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2015 Jun;29(2):102-14 - PubMed
  17. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 16;372(16):1573-4 - PubMed
  18. J R Soc Med. 1996 Jul;89(7):396-400 - PubMed
  19. Am J Med Genet. 1995 Aug 14;60(4):272-5 - PubMed
  20. Addiction. 2015 Mar;110(3):530-7 - PubMed
  21. J Neurosci. 2013 Jun 12;33(24):10027-36 - PubMed
  22. Neuroscience. 2015 Jan 22;284:998-1010 - PubMed
  23. Mol Neurobiol. 2014 Dec;50(3):765-96 - PubMed
  24. J Pediatr. 2015 Sep;167(3):605-12.e1-2 - PubMed
  25. Clin Neurosci. 1995;3(3):174-81 - PubMed
  26. Funct Neurol. 1995 Jan-Feb;10(1):37-44 - PubMed
  27. N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 29;373(18):1789-90 - PubMed
  28. Precis Med (Bangalore). 2016;1(1):18-33 - PubMed
  29. J Addict Res Ther. 2014;5:null - PubMed
  30. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2012 Jun;35(2):495-519 - PubMed
  31. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2011 Jun;7(6):745-52 - PubMed
  32. J Genet Syndr Gene Ther. 2013 Feb 10;4(121):null - PubMed
  33. JAMA. 2016 Apr 19;315(15):1624-45 - PubMed
  34. Genes Brain Behav. 2009 Feb;8(1):86-96 - PubMed
  35. Am J Hum Genet. 1989 Nov;45(5):778-85 - PubMed
  36. Clin Med Rev Case Rep. 2016;3(8):null - PubMed
  37. Ann Hum Genet. 2014 Jan;78(1):33-9 - PubMed
  38. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2006 Jan;16(1):1-7 - PubMed
  39. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 May;72(5):424-30 - PubMed
  40. Addict Biol. 2014 Jul;19(4):708-21 - PubMed
  41. Nicotine Tob Res. 2007 Dec;9(12 ):1251-7 - PubMed
  42. Pain Med. 2015 Jan;16(1):119-30 - PubMed
  43. JAMA. 1990 Apr 18;263(15):2055-60 - PubMed

Publication Types

Grant support