Display options
Cite
Apostolova LG, Aisen P, Eloyan A, et al. The Longitudinal Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS): Framework and methodology. Alzheimers Dement. 2021;17(12):2043-2055doi: 10.1002/alz.12350.
Apostolova, L. G., Aisen, P., Eloyan, A., Fagan, A., Fargo, K. N., Foroud, T., Gatsonis, C., Grinberg, L. T., Jack, C. R., Kramer, J., Koeppe, R., Kukull, W. A., Murray, M. E., Nudelman, K., Rumbaugh, M., Toga, A., Vemuri, P., Trullinger, A., Iaccarino, L., Day, G. S., Graff-Radford, N. R., Honig, L. S., Jones, D. T., Masdeu, J., Mendez, M., Musiek, E., Onyike, C. U., Rogalski, E., Salloway, S., Wolk, D. A., Wingo, T. S., Carrillo, M. C., Dickerson, B. C., Rabinovici, G. D. (2021). The Longitudinal Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS): Framework and methodology. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 17(12), 2043-2055. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12350
Apostolova, Liana G, et al. "The Longitudinal Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS): Framework and methodology." Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association vol. 17,12 (2021): 2043-2055. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12350
Apostolova LG, Aisen P, Eloyan A, Fagan A, Fargo KN, Foroud T, Gatsonis C, Grinberg LT, Jack CR, Kramer J, Koeppe R, Kukull WA, Murray ME, Nudelman K, Rumbaugh M, Toga A, Vemuri P, Trullinger A, Iaccarino L, Day GS, Graff-Radford NR, Honig LS, Jones DT, Masdeu J, Mendez M, Musiek E, Onyike CU, Rogalski E, Salloway S, Wolk DA, Wingo TS, Carrillo MC, Dickerson BC, Rabinovici GD. The Longitudinal Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS): Framework and methodology. Alzheimers Dement. 2021 Dec;17(12):2043-2055. doi: 10.1002/alz.12350. Epub 2021 May 21. PMID: 34018654.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Alzheimers Dement. 2021 Dec;17(12):2043-2055. doi: 10.1002/alz.12350. Epub 2021 May 21.

The Longitudinal Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS): Framework and methodology.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association

Liana G Apostolova, Paul Aisen, Ani Eloyan, Anne Fagan, Keith N Fargo, Tatiana Foroud, Constantine Gatsonis, Lea T Grinberg, Clifford R Jack, Joel Kramer, Robert Koeppe, Walter A Kukull, Melissa E Murray, Kelly Nudelman, Malia Rumbaugh, Arthur Toga, Prashanthi Vemuri, Amy Trullinger, Leonardo Iaccarino, Gregory S Day, Neill R Graff-Radford, Lawrence S Honig, David T Jones, Joseph Masdeu, Mario Mendez, Erik Musiek, Chiadi U Onyike, Emily Rogalski, Steve Salloway, David A Wolk, Thomas S Wingo, Maria C Carrillo, Bradford C Dickerson, Gil D Rabinovici,

Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
  2. Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
  3. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
  4. Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, USA.
  5. Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
  6. Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
  7. Charcot-Marie Tooth Research Foundation, Naperville, Illinois, USA.
  8. Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
  9. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
  10. Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
  11. Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
  12. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
  13. Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
  14. Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.
  15. Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
  16. Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
  17. Taub Institute and Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
  18. Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
  19. Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Houston Methodist and Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
  20. Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
  21. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
  22. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  23. Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
  24. Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
  25. Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  26. Medical & Scientific Relations Division, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  27. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

PMID: 34018654 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12350

Abstract

Patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) are commonly excluded from large-scale observational and therapeutic studies due to their young age, atypical presentation, or absence of pathogenic mutations. The goals of the Longitudinal EOAD Study (LEADS) are to (1) define the clinical, imaging, and fluid biomarker characteristics of EOAD; (2) develop sensitive cognitive and biomarker measures for future clinical and research use; and (3) establish a trial-ready network. LEADS will follow 400 amyloid beta (Aβ)-positive EOAD, 200 Aβ-negative EOnonAD that meet National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD dementia, and 100 age-matched controls. Participants will undergo clinical and cognitive assessments, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [

© 2021 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; EOAD; LEADS; YOAD; early-onset; young onset

References

  1. Alzheimer Association. 2019 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 2019;15(3):321-387. - PubMed
  2. Alzheimer Association. 2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 2020;16(3):391-460. - PubMed
  3. van Vliet D, de Vugt ME, Bakker C, et al. Impact of early onset dementia on caregivers: a review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010;25(11):1091-1100. - PubMed
  4. Werner P, Stein-Shvachman I, Korczyn AD. Early onset dementia: clinical and social aspects. Int Psychogeriatr. 2009;21(4):631-636. - PubMed
  5. Beach TG, Monsell SE, Phillips LE, et al. Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease at National Institute on Aging Alzheimer Disease Centers, 2005-2010. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2012;71(4):266-273. - PubMed
  6. Crutch SJ, Lehmann M, Schott JM, et al. Posterior cortical atrophy. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11(2):170-178. - PubMed
  7. Alladi S, Xuereb J, Bak T, et al. Focal cortical presentations of Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 2007;130(Pt 10):2636-2645. - PubMed
  8. Forman MS, Farmer J, Johnson JK, et al. Frontotemporal dementia: clinicopathological correlations. Ann Neurol. 2006;59(6):952-962. - PubMed
  9. Kertesz A, McMonagle P, Blair M, et al. The evolution and pathology of frontotemporal dementia. Brain. 2005;128(Pt 9):1996-2005. - PubMed
  10. Varma AR, Snowden JS, Lloyd JJ, et al. Evaluation of the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria in the differentiation of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999;66(2):184-188. - PubMed
  11. Seltzer B, Sherwin I. A comparison of clinical features in early- and late-onset primary degenerative dementia. One entity or two?. Arch Neurol. 1983;40(3):143-146. - PubMed
  12. Barclay LL, Zemcov A, Blass JP, et al. Factors associated with duration of survival in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 1985;20(1):86-93. - PubMed
  13. Jacobs D, Sano M, Marder K, et al. Age at onset of Alzheimer's disease: relation to pattern of cognitive dysfunction and rate of decline. Neurology. 1994;44:1215-1220. - PubMed
  14. Koss E, Edland S, Fillenbaum G, et al. Clinical and neuropsychological differences between patients with earlier and later onset of Alzheimer's disease: a CERAD analysis, Part XII. Neurology. 1996;46(1):136-141. - PubMed
  15. Mortimer JA, Ebbitt B, Jun SP, et al. Predictors of cognitive and functional progression in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1992;42(9):1689-1696. - PubMed
  16. Heyman A, Wilkinson WE, Hurwitz BJ, et al. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease: clinical predictors of institutionalisation and death. Neurology. 1987;27:980-984. - PubMed
  17. Loring DW, Largen JW. Neuropsychological patterns of presenile and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neuropsychologia. 1985;23(3):351-357. - PubMed
  18. Filley CM, Kelly J, Heaton RK. Neuropsychologic features of early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol. 1986;43(6):574-576. - PubMed
  19. Imamura T, Takatsuki Y, Fujimori M, et al. Age at onset and language disturbances in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia. 1998;36(9):945-949. - PubMed
  20. Fujimori M, Imamura T, Yamashita H, et al. Age at onset and visuocognitive disturbances in Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1998;12(3):163-166. - PubMed
  21. Frisoni GB, Pievani M, Testa C, et al. The topography of grey matter involvement in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 2007;130(Pt 3):720-730. - PubMed
  22. Kim EJ, Cho SS, Jeong Y, et al. Glucose metabolism in early onset versus late onset Alzheimer's disease: an SPM analysis of 120 patients. Brain. 2005;128(Pt 8):1790-1801. - PubMed
  23. Snowden JS, Stopford CL, Julien CL, et al. Cognitive phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease and genetic risk. Cortex. 2007;43(7):835-845. - PubMed
  24. Binetti G, Magni E, Padovani A, et al. Neuropsychological heterogeneity in mild Alzheimer's disease. Dementia. 1993;4(6):321-326. - PubMed
  25. Frisoni GB, Testa C, Sabattoli F, et al. Structural correlates of early and late onset Alzheimer's disease: voxel based morphometric study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76(1):112-114. - PubMed
  26. Koedam EL, Lauffer V, van der Vlies AE, et al. Early-versus late-onset Alzheimer's disease: more than age alone. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;19(4):1401-1408. - PubMed
  27. Mendez MF, Lee AS, Joshi A, et al. Nonamnestic presentations of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2012;27(6):413-420. - PubMed
  28. Sakamoto S, Ishii K, Sasaki M, et al. Differences in cerebral metabolic impairment between early and late onset types of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci. 2002;200(1-2):27-32. - PubMed
  29. Shiino A, Watanabe T, Kitagawa T, et al. Different atrophic patterns in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease and evaluation of clinical utility of a method of regional z-score analysis using voxel-based morphometry. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2008;26(2):175-186. - PubMed
  30. Shiino A, Watanabe T, Maeda K, et al. Four subgroups of Alzheimer's disease based on patterns of atrophy using VBM and a unique pattern for early onset disease. Neuroimage. 2006;33(1):17-26. - PubMed
  31. Karas G, Scheltens P, Rombouts S, et al. Precuneus atrophy in early-onset Alzheimer's disease: a morphometric structural MRI study. Neuroradiology. 2007;49(12):967-976. - PubMed
  32. Ishii K, Kawachi T, Sasaki H, et al. Voxel-based morphometric comparison between early- and late-onset mild Alzheimer's disease and assessment of diagnostic performance of z score images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;26(2):333-340. - PubMed
  33. Grady CL, Hazby JV, Horwitz B, et al. Neuropsychological and cerebral metabolic function in early vs late onest dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neuropsychologia. 1987;25(5):807-816. - PubMed
  34. Yasuno F, Imamura T, Hirono N, et al. Age at onset and regional cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 1998;9(2):63-67. - PubMed
  35. Salmon E, Collette F, Degueldre C, et al. Voxel-based analysis of confounding effects of age and dementia severity on cerebral metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp. 2000;10(1):39-48. - PubMed
  36. Jagust WJ, Reed BR, Seab JP, et al. Alzheimer's disease: age at onset and single-photon emission computed tomographic patterns of regional cerebral blood flow. Arch Neurol. 1990;47:628-633. - PubMed
  37. Kemp PM, Holmes C, Hoffmann SM, et al. Alzheimer's disease: differences in technetium-99m HMPAO SPECT scan findings between early onset and late onset dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74(6):715-719. - PubMed
  38. Rabinovici GD, Furst AJ, Alkalay A, et al. Increased metabolic vulnerability in early-onset Alzheimer's disease is not related to amyloid burden. Brain. 2010;133(Pt 2):512-528. - PubMed
  39. Moller C, Vrenken H, Jiskoot L, et al. Different patterns of gray matter atrophy in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2013;34(8):2014-2022. - PubMed
  40. Mann DM, Yates PO, Marcyniuk B. Alzheimer's presenile dementia, senile dementia of Alzheimer type and Down's syndrome in middle age form an age related continuum of pathological changes. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1984;10(3):185-207. - PubMed
  41. Hansen LA, DeTeresa R, Davies P, et al. Neocortical morphometry, lesion counts, and choline acetyltransferase levels in the age spectrum of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1988;38(1):48-54. - PubMed
  42. Nochlin D, van Belle G, Bird TD, et al. Comparison of the severity of neuropathologic changes in familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1993;7(4):212-222. - PubMed
  43. Bigio EH, Hynan LS, Sontag E, et al. Synapse loss is greater in presenile than senile onset Alzheimer disease: implications for the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2002;28(3):218-227. - PubMed
  44. Ho GJ, Hansen LA, Alford MF, et al. Age at onset is associated with disease severity in Lewy body variant and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroreport. 2002;13(14):1825-1828. - PubMed
  45. Berg L, McKeel DW Jr, Miller JP, et al. Clinicopathologic studies in cognitively healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease: relation of histologic markers to dementia severity, age, sex, and apolipoprotein E genotype. Arch Neurol. 1998;55(3):326-335. - PubMed
  46. Marshall GA, Fairbanks LA, Tekin S, et al. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease is associated with greater pathologic burden. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2007;20(1):29-33. - PubMed
  47. Bird TD, Stranahan S, Sumi SM, et al. Alzheimer's disease: choline acetyltransferase activity in brain tissue from clinical and pathological subgroups. Ann Neurol. 1983;14(3):284-293. - PubMed
  48. Rossor MN, Iversen LL, Reynolds GP, et al. Neurochemical characteristics of early and late onset types of Alzheimer's disease. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984;288(6422):961-964. - PubMed
  49. Campion D, Dumanchin C, Hannequin D, et al. Early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: prevalence, genetic heterogeneity, and mutation spectrum. Am J Hum Genet. 1999;65(3):664-670. - PubMed
  50. Janssen JC, Beck JA, Campbell TA, et al. Early onset familial Alzheimer's disease - Mutation frequency in 31 families. Neurology. 2003;60(2):235-239. - PubMed
  51. Signorini S, Ghidoni R, Barbiero L, et al. Prevalence of pathogenic mutations in an italian clinical series of patients with familial dementia. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2004;1(3):215-218. - PubMed
  52. Cacace R, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C. Molecular genetics of early-onset Alzheimer's disease revisited. Alzheimers Dement. 2016;12(6):733-748. - PubMed
  53. Wingo TS, Lah JJ, Levey AI, et al. Autosomal recessive causes likely in early-onset Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2012;69(1):59-64. - PubMed
  54. Szigeti K, Doody RS. Should EOAD patients be included in clinical trials?. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2011;8(3):1-5. - PubMed
  55. Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):270-279. - PubMed
  56. McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):263-269. - PubMed
  57. Crutch SJ, Schott JM, Rabinovici GD, et al. Consensus classification of posterior cortical atrophy. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;13(8):870-884. - PubMed
  58. Gorno-Tempini ML, Hillis AE, Weintraub S, et al. Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants. Neurology. 2011;76(11):1006-1014. - PubMed
  59. Van der Auwera GA, Carneiro MO, Hartl C, et al. From FastQ data to high confidence variant calls: the Genome Analysis Toolkit best practices pipeline. Curr Protoc Bioinformatics. 2013;43. - PubMed
  60. Stenson PD, Mort M, Ball EV, et al. The Human Gene Mutation Database: towards a comprehensive repository of inherited mutation data for medical research, genetic diagnosis and next-generation sequencing studies. Hum Genet. 2017;136(6):665-677. - PubMed
  61. Landrum MJ, Lee JM, Benson M, et al. ClinVar: improving access to variant interpretations and supporting evidence. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;46(D1):D1062-D1067. - PubMed
  62. Fokkema IF, Taschner PE, Schaafsma GC, et al. LOVD v.2.0: the next generation in gene variant databases. Hum Mutat. 2011;32(5):557-563. - PubMed
  63. Mills SM, Mallmann J, Santacruz AM, et al. Preclinical trials in autosomal dominant AD: implementation of the DIAN-TU trial. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2013;169(10):737-743. - PubMed
  64. Vemuri P, Senjem ML, Gunter JL, et al. Accelerated vs. unaccelerated serial MRI based TBM-SyN measurements for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage. 2015;113:61-69. - PubMed
  65. Sabri O, Sabbagh MN, Seibyl J, et al. Florbetaben PET imaging to detect amyloid beta plaques in Alzheimer's disease: phase 3 study. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11(8):964-974. - PubMed
  66. Bejanin A, Tammewar G, Marx G, et al. Longitudinal structural and metabolic changes in frontotemporal dementia. Neurology. 2020;95(2):e140-e154. - PubMed
  67. Chetelat G, Ossenkoppele R, Villemagne VL, et al. Atrophy, hypometabolism and clinical trajectories in patients with amyloid-negative Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 2016;139(Pt 9):2528-2539. - PubMed
  68. Jagust WJ, Landau SM, Koeppe RA, et al. The Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative 2 PET core: 2015. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11(7):757-771. - PubMed
  69. Baker SL, Maass A, Jagust WJ. Considerations and code for partial volume correcting [(18)F]-AV-1451 tau PET data. Data Brief. 2017;15:648-657. - PubMed
  70. Diedrichsen J. A spatially unbiased atlas template of the human cerebellum. Neuroimage. 2006;33(1):127-138. - PubMed
  71. Desikan RS, Ségonne F, Fischl B, et al. An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest. Neuroimage. 2006;31(3):968-980. - PubMed
  72. Klunk WE, Koeppe RA, Price JC, et al. The Centiloid Project: standardizing quantitative amyloid plaque estimation by PET. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11(1):1-15.e1-4. - PubMed
  73. Jack CR Jr, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD, et al. Defining imaging biomarker cut points for brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;13(3):205-216. - PubMed
  74. Rabinovici GD, Karlawish J, Knopman D, et al. Testing and disclosures related to amyloid imaging and Alzheimer's disease: common questions and fact sheet summary. Alzheimers Dement. 2016;12(4):510-515. - PubMed
  75. Fleisher AS, Pontecorvo MJ. Positron emission tomography imaging with [18F]flortaucipir and postmortem assessment of Alzheimer disease neuropathologic changes. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(7):829-839. - PubMed
  76. Ossenkoppele R, Rabinovici GD, Smith R, et al. Discriminative accuracy of [18F]flortaucipir positron emission tomography for Alzheimer disease vs other neurodegenerative disorders. JAMA. 2018;320(11):1151-1162. - PubMed
  77. La Joie R, Perrotin A, Barre L, et al. Region-specific hierarchy between atrophy, hypometabolism, and beta-amyloid (Abeta) load in Alzheimer's disease dementia. J Neurosci. 2012;32(46):16265-16273. - PubMed
  78. Bateman RJ, Xiong C, Benzinger TL, et al. Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(9):795-804. - PubMed
  79. Shaw LM, Vanderstichele H, Knapik-Czajka M, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker signature in Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative subjects. Ann Neurol. 2009;65(4):403-413. - PubMed
  80. Nakamura A, Kaneko N, Villemagne VL, et al. High performance plasma amyloid-beta biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Nature. 2018;554(7691):249-254. - PubMed
  81. Janelidze S, Stomrud E, Palmqvist S, et al. Plasma beta-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease and vascular disease. Sci Rep. 2016;6:26801. - PubMed
  82. Li D, Mielke MM. An update on blood-based markers of Alzheimer's disease using the SiMoA platform. Neurol Ther. 2019;8(Suppl 2):73-82. - PubMed
  83. Palmqvist S, Janelidze S, Stomrud E, et al. Performance of fully automated plasma assays as screening tests for Alzheimer disease-related beta-amyloid status. JAMA Neurol. 2019;76(9):1060-1069. - PubMed
  84. Schindler SE, Bollinger JG, Ovod V, et al. High-precision plasma beta-amyloid 42/40 predicts current and future brain amyloidosis. Neurology. 2019;93(17):e1647-e1659. - PubMed
  85. Chatterjee P, Elmi M, Goozee K, et al. Ultrasensitive detection of plasma Amyloid-beta as a biomarker for cognitively normal elderly individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019;71(3):775-83 - PubMed
  86. Hyman BT, Phelps CH, Beach TG, et al. National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association guidelines for the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2012;8(1):1-13. - PubMed
  87. Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Friedman J. The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction. NY: Springer; 2009. - PubMed

Publication Types

Grant support