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Aguilar M, Ali Cavasonza L, Alpat B, et al. Precision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett. 2018;121(5):051103doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051103.
Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindel, K. F., Bindi, V., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, A. I., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dai, Y. M., Datta, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Galaktionov, Y., Gallucci, G., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K. H., Haino, S., Han, K. C., He, Z. H., Heil, M., Hsieh, T. H., Huang, H., Huang, Z. C., Incagli, M., Jia, Y., Jinchi, H., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kirn, T., Konak, C., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Leluc, C., Li, H. S., Li, J. Q., Li, Q., Li, T. X., Li, Z. H., Li, Z. Y., Lin, C. H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Lordello, V. D., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J. Z., Lyu, S. S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikuni, V. M., Mo, D. C., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Nelson, T., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Perrina, C., Phan, H. D., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Quadrani, L., Qi, X. M., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J. S., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shi, J. Y., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tescaro, D., Tian, J., Ting, S. C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, X., Wang, X. Q., Wang, Z. X., Wei, C. C., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Whitman, K., Wu, H., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, S. W., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P. (2018). Precision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. Physical review letters, 121(5), 051103. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051103
Aguilar, M, et al. "Precision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station." Physical review letters vol. 121,5 (2018): 051103. doi: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051103
Aguilar M, Ali Cavasonza L, Alpat B, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Aupetit S, Azzarello P, Bachlechner A, Barao F, Barrau A, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Basara L, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battarbee M, Battiston R, Becker U, Behlmann M, Beischer B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindel KF, Bindi V, de Boer W, Bollweg K, Bonnivard V, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Burger WJ, Cai XD, Capell M, Caroff S, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chang YH, Chen AI, Chen GM, Chen HS, Chen Y, Cheng L, Chou HY, Choumilov E, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Clavero R, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Creus W, Crispoltoni M, Cui Z, Dadzie K, Dai YM, Datta A, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Dimiccoli F, Díaz C, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, Egorov A, Eline A, Eronen T, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fisher P, Formato V, Galaktionov Y, Gallucci G, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gebauer I, Gervasi M, Ghelfi A, Giovacchini F, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Guo KH, Haino S, Han KC, He ZH, Heil M, Hsieh TH, Huang H, Huang ZC, Incagli M, Jia Y, Jinchi H, Kanishev K, Khiali B, Kirn T, Konak C, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Kulemzin A, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Leluc C, Li HS, Li JQ, Li Q, Li TX, Li ZH, Li ZY, Lin CH, Lipari P, Lippert T, Liu D, Liu H, Liu Z, Lordello VD, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo F, Luo JZ, Lyu SS, Machate F, Mañá C, Marín J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mikuni VM, Mo DC, Mott P, Mussolin L, Nelson T, Ni JQ, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palermo M, Palmonari F, Palomares C, Paniccia M, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Perrina C, Phan HD, Picot-Clemente N, Pilo F, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poireau V, Quadrani L, Qi XM, Qin X, Qu ZY, Räihä T, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Ricol JS, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Schael S, Schmidt SM, Schulz von Dratzig A, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shan BS, Shi JY, Siedenburg T, Song JW, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tescaro D, Tian J, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Urban T, Vagelli V, Valente E, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang X, Wang XQ, Wang ZX, Wei CC, Wei J, Weng ZL, Whitman K, Wu H, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang M, Yang Y, Yi H, Yu YJ, Yu ZQ, Zannoni M, Zeissler S, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang J, Zhang JH, Zhang SW, Zhang Z, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zimmermann N, Zuccon P. Precision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett. 2018 Aug 03;121(5):051103. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051103. PMID: 30118280.
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Phys Rev Lett. 2018 Aug 03;121(5):051103. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051103.

Precision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station.

Physical review letters

M Aguilar, L Ali Cavasonza, B Alpat, G Ambrosi, L Arruda, N Attig, S Aupetit, P Azzarello, A Bachlechner, F Barao, A Barrau, L Barrin, A Bartoloni, L Basara, S Başeğmez-du Pree, M Battarbee, R Battiston, U Becker, M Behlmann, B Beischer, J Berdugo, B Bertucci, K F Bindel, V Bindi, W de Boer, K Bollweg, V Bonnivard, B Borgia, M J Boschini, M Bourquin, E F Bueno, J Burger, W J Burger, X D Cai, M Capell, S Caroff, J Casaus, G Castellini, F Cervelli, Y H Chang, A I Chen, G M Chen, H S Chen, Y Chen, L Cheng, H Y Chou, E Choumilov, V Choutko, C H Chung, C Clark, R Clavero, G Coignet, C Consolandi, A Contin, C Corti, W Creus, M Crispoltoni, Z Cui, K Dadzie, Y M Dai, A Datta, C Delgado, S Della Torre, M B Demirköz, L Derome, S Di Falco, F Dimiccoli, C Díaz, P von Doetinchem, F Dong, F Donnini, M Duranti, A Egorov, A Eline, T Eronen, J Feng, E Fiandrini, P Fisher, V Formato, Y Galaktionov, G Gallucci, R J García-López, C Gargiulo, H Gast, I Gebauer, M Gervasi, A Ghelfi, F Giovacchini, D M Gómez-Coral, J Gong, C Goy, V Grabski, D Grandi, M Graziani, K H Guo, S Haino, K C Han, Z H He, M Heil, T H Hsieh, H Huang, Z C Huang, M Incagli, Yi Jia, H Jinchi, K Kanishev, B Khiali, Th Kirn, C Konak, O Kounina, A Kounine, V Koutsenko, A Kulemzin, G La Vacca, E Laudi, G Laurenti, I Lazzizzera, A Lebedev, H T Lee, S C Lee, C Leluc, H S Li, J Q Li, Q Li, T X Li, Z H Li, Z Y Li, C H Lin, P Lipari, T Lippert, D Liu, Hu Liu, Z Liu, V D Lordello, S Q Lu, Y S Lu, K Luebelsmeyer, F Luo, J Z Luo, S S Lyu, F Machate, C Mañá, J Marín, T Martin, G Martínez, N Masi, D Maurin, A Menchaca-Rocha, Q Meng, V M Mikuni, D C Mo, P Mott, L Mussolin, T Nelson, J Q Ni, N Nikonov, F Nozzoli, A Oliva, M Orcinha, M Palermo, F Palmonari, C Palomares, M Paniccia, M Pauluzzi, S Pensotti, C Perrina, H D Phan, N Picot-Clemente, F Pilo, V Plyaskin, M Pohl, V Poireau, L Quadrani, X M Qi, X Qin, Z Y Qu, T Räihä, P G Rancoita, D Rapin, J S Ricol, S Rosier-Lees, A Rozhkov, D Rozza, R Sagdeev, S Schael, S M Schmidt, A Schulz von Dratzig, G Schwering, E S Seo, B S Shan, J Y Shi, T Siedenburg, J W Song, M Tacconi, X W Tang, Z C Tang, D Tescaro, J Tian, Samuel C C Ting, S M Ting, N Tomassetti, J Torsti, T Urban, V Vagelli, E Valente, E Valtonen, M Vázquez Acosta, M Vecchi, M Velasco, J P Vialle, L Q Wang, N H Wang, Q L Wang, X Wang, X Q Wang, Z X Wang, C C Wei, J Wei, Z L Weng, K Whitman, H Wu, R Q Xiong, W Xu, Q Yan, M Yang, Y Yang, H Yi, Y J Yu, Z Q Yu, M Zannoni, S Zeissler, C Zhang, F Zhang, J Zhang, J H Zhang, S W Zhang, Z Zhang, Z M Zheng, H L Zhuang, V Zhukov, A Zichichi, N Zimmermann, P Zuccon,

Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
  2. I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  3. INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy.
  4. Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal.
  5. Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
  6. Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France.
  7. DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
  8. European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
  9. INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
  10. INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
  11. Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
  12. Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
  13. Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
  14. Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
  15. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
  16. Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy.
  17. Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
  18. Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
  19. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA.
  20. Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
  21. INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy.
  22. Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
  23. Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74000 Annecy, France.
  24. CNR-IROE, I-50125 Firenze, Italy.
  25. INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy.
  26. National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan.
  27. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
  28. Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
  29. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
  30. INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
  31. Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
  32. Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
  33. Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
  34. Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China.
  35. Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy.
  36. Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico.
  37. Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China.
  38. National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan.
  39. Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
  40. National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
  41. IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  42. East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  43. Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China.
  44. KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands.

PMID: 30118280 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051103

Abstract

A precision measurement of the nitrogen flux with rigidity (momentum per unit charge) from 2.2 GV to 3.3 TV based on 2.2×10^{6} events is presented. The detailed rigidity dependence of the nitrogen flux spectral index is presented for the first time. The spectral index rapidly hardens at high rigidities and becomes identical to the spectral indices of primary He, C, and O cosmic rays above ∼700  GV. We observed that the nitrogen flux Φ_{N} can be presented as the sum of its primary component Φ_{N}^{P} and secondary component Φ_{N}^{S}, Φ_{N}=Φ_{N}^{P}+Φ_{N}^{S}, and we found Φ_{N} is well described by the weighted sum of the oxygen flux Φ_{O} (primary cosmic rays) and the boron flux Φ_{B} (secondary cosmic rays), with Φ_{N}^{P}=(0.090±0.002)×Φ_{O} and Φ_{N}^{S}=(0.62±0.02)×Φ_{B} over the entire rigidity range. This corresponds to a change of the contribution of the secondary cosmic ray component in the nitrogen flux from 70% at a few GV to <30% above 1 TV.

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