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Phys Rev Lett. 2021 Jun 18;126(24):241102. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.241102.

Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run.

Physical review letters

R Abbott, T D Abbott, S Abraham, F Acernese, K Ackley, A Adams, C Adams, R X Adhikari, V B Adya, C Affeldt, D Agarwal, M Agathos, K Agatsuma, N Aggarwal, O D Aguiar, L Aiello, A Ain, P Ajith, T Akutsu, K M Aleman, G Allen, A Allocca, P A Altin, A Amato, S Anand, A Ananyeva, S B Anderson, W G Anderson, M Ando, S V Angelova, S Ansoldi, J M Antelis, S Antier, S Appert, Koya Arai, Koji Arai, Y Arai, S Araki, A Araya, M C Araya, J S Areeda, M Arène, N Aritomi, N Arnaud, S M Aronson, H Asada, Y Asali, G Ashton, Y Aso, S M Aston, P Astone, F Aubin, P Auclair, P Aufmuth, K AultONeal, C Austin, S Babak, F Badaracco, M K M Bader, S Bae, Y Bae, A M Baer, S Bagnasco, Y Bai, L Baiotti, J Baird, R Bajpai, M Ball, G Ballardin, S W Ballmer, M Bals, A Balsamo, G Baltus, S Banagiri, D Bankar, R S Bankar, J C Barayoga, C Barbieri, B C Barish, D Barker, P Barneo, S Barnum, F Barone, B Barr, L Barsotti, M Barsuglia, D Barta, J Bartlett, M A Barton, I Bartos, R Bassiri, A Basti, M Bawaj, J C Bayley, A C 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Affiliations

  1. LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
  2. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
  3. Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India.
  4. Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
  5. INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
  6. OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
  7. Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
  8. LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.
  9. OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
  10. Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
  11. Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
  12. University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom.
  13. Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
  14. University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
  15. Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
  16. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
  17. Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.
  18. Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
  19. INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy.
  20. INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
  21. Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
  22. International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India.
  23. Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.
  24. Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.
  25. California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA.
  26. NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
  27. Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
  28. Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
  29. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA.
  30. Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
  31. Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
  32. SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom.
  33. Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
  34. INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
  35. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA.
  36. Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France.
  37. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.
  38. Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
  39. Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
  40. Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France.
  41. European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy.
  42. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
  43. Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
  44. Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
  45. Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
  46. The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.
  47. INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
  48. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France.
  49. Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands.
  50. Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
  51. National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea.
  52. INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
  53. International College, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
  54. School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
  55. University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.
  56. Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
  57. Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
  58. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
  59. Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy.
  60. INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy.
  61. INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy.
  62. LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
  63. Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
  64. LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
  65. Dipartimento di Medicina, "Chirurgia e Odontoiatria Scuola Medica Salernitana", Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
  66. SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
  67. Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary.
  68. Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
  69. INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
  70. Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
  71. Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
  72. INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
  73. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
  74. Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India.
  75. Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland.
  76. Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy.
  77. OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
  78. California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA.
  79. INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy.
  80. RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India.
  81. Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA.
  82. Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
  83. SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Pennsylvania1 2BE, United Kingdom.
  84. Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel.
  85. Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy.
  86. INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
  87. Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France.
  88. CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
  89. OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
  90. Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
  91. INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
  92. Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy.
  93. Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR6082, F-3500 Rennes, France.
  94. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
  95. Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France.
  96. Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
  97. Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland.
  98. VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
  99. University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  100. Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
  101. School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
  102. Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA.
  103. Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
  104. Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.
  105. Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA.
  106. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
  107. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy.
  108. Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
  109. Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
  110. OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
  111. Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.
  112. INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
  113. Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy.
  114. INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy.
  115. University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy.
  116. Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands.
  117. Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
  118. Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.
  119. National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China.
  120. Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
  121. OzGrav, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia.
  122. Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
  123. Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
  124. University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
  125. Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
  126. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
  127. Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
  128. Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
  129. Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
  130. Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
  131. King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
  132. INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy.
  133. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
  134. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom.
  135. Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
  136. Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
  137. Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
  138. Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
  139. Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
  140. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
  141. University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA.
  142. The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA.
  143. Bellevue College, Bellevue, Washington 98007, USA.
  144. Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7-56126 Pisa, Italy.
  145. MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary.
  146. Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands.
  147. Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.
  148. IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain.
  149. University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom.
  150. The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
  151. Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
  152. Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy.
  153. INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy.
  154. Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
  155. Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
  156. West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA.
  157. Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA.
  158. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
  159. Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bem t'er 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary.
  160. CNR-SPIN, c/o Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
  161. Scuola di Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy.
  162. Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain.
  163. The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
  164. Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA.
  165. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
  166. Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.
  167. Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
  168. State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China.
  169. University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
  170. Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
  171. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
  172. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India.
  173. INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131 Napoli, Italy.
  174. Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
  175. INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
  176. The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA.
  177. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
  178. Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea.
  179. Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
  180. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
  181. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China.
  182. American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA.
  183. Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
  184. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
  185. Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA.
  186. University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  187. College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino City, Chiba 275-8575, Japan.
  188. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
  189. Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
  190. Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea, Korea.
  191. Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
  192. Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China.
  193. Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  194. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
  195. Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
  196. Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
  197. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan.
  198. Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India.
  199. Universiteit Antwerpen, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium.
  200. University of Bia?ystok, 15-424 Bia?ystok, Poland.
  201. Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
  202. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
  203. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
  204. University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
  205. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.
  206. Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
  207. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
  208. University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, USA.
  209. Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia.
  210. Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
  211. Inje University Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834, South Korea.
  212. Department of Physics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea.
  213. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea.
  214. Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima City, Hiroshima 903-0213, Japan.
  215. Bard College, 30 Campus Rd, Annandale-On-Hudson, New York 12504, USA.
  216. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.
  217. Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00656 Warsaw, Poland.
  218. National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 ?wierk-Otwock, Poland.
  219. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA.
  220. Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
  221. Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.
  222. Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France.
  223. Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
  224. Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
  225. NAVIER, École des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
  226. National Center for High-performance computing, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu City 30076, Taiwan.
  227. Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
  228. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35811, USA.
  229. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
  230. Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
  231. INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
  232. ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
  233. Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097, USA.
  234. Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy.
  235. Southern University and AandM College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.
  236. Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco.
  237. Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
  238. Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
  239. Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhannagar, West Bengal 700064, India.
  240. The Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan.
  241. Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan.
  242. Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India.
  243. Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands.
  244. Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
  245. Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
  246. GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
  247. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
  248. Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA.
  249. International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
  250. Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", I-00184 Roma, Italy.
  251. Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Benevento 82100, Italy.
  252. Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom.
  253. OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia.
  254. Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Matematica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
  255. Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India.
  256. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
  257. Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
  258. Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
  259. Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-8532, Japan.
  260. Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India.
  261. Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação (CENTRA), Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
  262. Marquette University, 11420 W. Clybourn Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA.
  263. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan.
  264. Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi City, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
  265. Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0196, Japan.
  266. Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Khandi, Telangana 502285, India.
  267. iTHEMS (Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program), The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
  268. INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
  269. Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan.
  270. Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104, USA.
  271. Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
  272. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.
  273. National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
  274. Dipartimento di Scienze Aziendali-Management and Innovation Systems (DISA-MIS), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
  275. Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
  276. Department of Communications Engineering, National Defense Academy of Japan, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan.
  277. Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
  278. Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA.
  279. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea.
  280. Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
  281. Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.

PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.241102

Abstract

We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.

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